Donald Barthelme was American short-story writer known for his modernist “collages, ” which are marked by technical experimentation and a kind of melancholy gaiety.
Background
Donald Barthelme was American short-story writer known for his modernist “collages, ” which are marked by technical experimentation and a kind of melancholy gaiety. He also was one of the original founders of the University of Houston Creative Writing Program.
Education
Donald Barthelme was born in Philadelphia in 1931. His father and mother were fellow students at the University of Pennsylvania.
Career
His interest in art led him to become a museum director in Houston in the 1950's. He later served as managing editor of the art and literary periodical Location. The main influence on his writing, both in form and theme, is the collage, an art of fragmentation, which he saw as the key to modern art. His works include the novels Snow White (1967), The Dead Father (1975), and Paradise (1986); numerous collections of short stories: Come Back Dr. Caligari (1964), Unspeakable Practices, Unnatural Acts (1968), City Life (1970), Sadness (1972), Great Days (1979), Sixty Stories (1981), Overnight to Many Distant Cities (1983), Forty Stories (1987); and a book of parodies, Guilty Pleasures (1974). Barthelme is not concerned with plot, character, or theme. He constructs a formal design that is playful, inventive, and self-contained. For example, he takes a fairy tale like Snow White and transforms it subtly so that the conventional notions of heroism and salvation are inverted. His heroine is a strange creature who never develops or finds happiness. She laments at one point: "I have not been able to imagine anything better. " She recognizes that she is trapped - half-princess, half-"servant" - in a world not of her making. Barthelme is more successful than his heroine because he can imagine something better. In his best short stories "On Angels, " "Brain Damage, " "A Shower of Gold, " "Daumier" - he virtually changes our conception of the story. He includes drawings, "sermons, " and descriptions of figures from popular culture. Often, these are jumbled so that the reader is uncertain whether to take the fiction "seriously. " "On Angels" is perhaps his most characteristic story. It begins with a cosmic statement, "The death of God left the angels in a strange position. " The angels, like Snow White, are outcasts, unsure of their position in the universe. They must recreate themselves. They resemble Barthelme, who tries to invent new forms. Instead of a realistic story with the angels going about their business, Barthelme puts himself into the design. He tells us about angels "described" in various reference books. Finally, he returns to the baffled angels, showing that his imaginative details are more valid and entertaining than the old descriptions. The angels cannot reach any conclusion, any self-definition, but they accept one principle - they will continue to exist in an imperfect way. The story exemplifies Barthelme's feeling that life and fiction alike are on their own. "Barthelme died in Houston, July 23, 1989. His last work, The King, which teleports King Arthur and his Round Table into the nuclear age, was published posthumously in 1990.
Connections
He married four times. His second wife, Helen Barthelme, later wrote a biography entitled Donald Barthelme: The Genesis of a Cool Sound, published in 2001. With his third wife Birgit, a Dane, he had his first child, a daughter named Anne, and near the end of his life he married Marion (Marion Knox/Barthelme), with whom he had his second daughter, Yekaterina. Marion and Donald remained married until his 1989 death from throat cancer.