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A Study Of The Vertebrate Fauna Of The Hudson Highlands: With Observations On The Mollusca, Crustacea, Lepidoptera, And The Flora Of The Region
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A Study Of The Vertebrate Fauna Of The Hudson Highlands: With Observations On The Mollusca, Crustacea, Lepidoptera, And The Flora Of The Region; Volume 10 Of Bulletin Of The American Museum Of Natural History
Edgar Alexander Mearns
American Museum of Natural History, 1898
Animals; Plants; Shrubs; Trees; Vertebrates
A List of the Birds of Hudson Highlands: With Annotations
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Mammals Of The Mexican Boundary Of The United States: A Descriptive Catalogue Of The Species Of Mammals Occurring In That Region
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A List of the Birds of Hudson Highlands, Vol. 1: With Annotations (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from A List of the Birds of Hudson Highlands, Vol...)
Excerpt from A List of the Birds of Hudson Highlands, Vol. 1: With Annotations
A. List of all the species known to occur in the Hudson Highlands; giving the times of occurrence and their relative abundance, with notes on the habits.
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Edgar Alexander Mearns was an American naturalist and army surgeon.
Background
Edgar Alexander Mearns was born on September 11, 1856 at Highland Falls, Orange County, New York. He was the son of Alexander and Nancy (Carswell) Mearns. His family was of Scotch descent on the side of the father and of New England descent on the side of the mother. At a very early age he began to take interest in birds and other animals, and this interest, intelligently directed by his parents, was destined to dominate his entire career.
Education
Mearns received his formal education at Donald Highland Institute, Highland Falls, and at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City, graduating from the latter in 1881.
Career
Having passed the examinations for entrance into the medical department of the United States army, in December 1883 Edgar received his commission as assistant surgeon with the rank of first lieutenant. Among the several stations that were open for his choice, he selected the arid and desolate Fort Verde in Central Arizona as the one that offered the greatest interest to the naturalist. After remaining nearly four years in Arizona he went to Fort Snelling, Minn. , where he served for about three years. Late in the year 1891 Mearns (now captain) was appointed medical officer of the Mexican-United States International Boundary Commission. Through cooperation between the authorities of the commission and those of the United States National Museum and the American Museum of Natural History, he was enabled by September 1894 personally to explore the entire boundary line, from El Paso, Texas, to the Pacific Coast, and he brought together not less than 30, 000 specimens representative of the animal and plant life of the region. During the next eight years he collected in the Catskills, at Fort Clark, Texas, at Fort Adams, Rhode Island, in Florida, and in the Yellowstone National Park. He received his advancement to surgeon, with the rank of major, in 1901. Two terms of service in the Philippines, 1903-04 and 1905-07, gave him an opportunity to become acquainted with tropical life. With the cooperation of many associates and in particular of Gen. Leonard Wood, he was enabled to make important collections, especially of mammals, birds, and plants. At considerable personal risk he ascended all three of the highest peaks in the Philippines, something that no naturalist had previously done. In 1908 Mearns, with two assistants, Edmund Heller and J. Alden Loring, was selected to act as naturalist for the Smithsonian African Expedition. He retired from the army with the rank of lieutenant-colonel on January 1, 1909, and immediately reported for duty on the expedition. He was in the field with the explorers nearly a year, traversing parts of British East Africa (now Kenya), Uganda, and Lado Enclave, returning by way of the White Nile and Egypt. In 1911 he again successfully visited Africa, this time as the guest of Childs Frick. The objective was Abyssinia and some of the less-known parts of eastern Africa. Mearns finally returned in September 1912 and began to prepare a report on the birds obtained by the two expeditions. But the disease, diabetes, from which he had known he was suffering since 1907, so sapped his strength that the task could not be completed. He died on November 1, 1916 in Washington.
Achievements
Mearns is most commonly known for being a co-founder of the American Ornithologists' Union in 1883. His busy life as an army surgeon and his extraordinary activity as a collector prevented him from making any large contribution to scientific literature, but he printed more than a hundred articles in technical journals and in publications of the National Museum. His most important study, The Mammals of the Mexican Boundary of the United States, Part 1, was published as a bulletin of the Museum. As a gatherer of material for the use of specialists in systematic zoology and botany, Mearns made his great contribution to the advance of learning, and unquestionably outdid every other American in his particular field of activity. His zoological additions to the national collections number approximately: mammals, 7, 000; birds, 20, 000; reptiles, 5, 000; fishes, 5, 000. Other important material that he gathered went to the American Museum of Natural History in New York City. At the time of his death his contributions to the National Herbarium were greater than those made by any other one man.
Several animal taxa are named in honor of Mearns: five birds, seven mammals including Mearns's pocket gopher, "Thomomys bottae mearnsi", and the banded rock lizard "Petrosaurus mearnsi".
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Connections
In 1881 Mearns married Ella Wittich Mearns. The couple had one son and one daughter. His son, Louis DeZeraga Mearns, a gifted young astronomer, was taken by Diphtheria in April 1912.