Background
He was born on May 23, 1854 in York, Pennsylvania, United States, the son of Gibson and Susan (Fahs) Smith, of Dutch and German ancestry.
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He was born on May 23, 1854 in York, Pennsylvania, United States, the son of Gibson and Susan (Fahs) Smith, of Dutch and German ancestry.
After preparing at York County Academy, he entered Pennsylvania (later Gettysburg) College at Gettysburg, where he received the degree of B. S. in 1874. Here he came under the influence of Samuel Philip Sadtler, who stimulated his interest in chemistry and encouraged him to complete his education under Friedrich Wohler at the University of Gottingen, Germany. He received the degree of Ph. D. from Gottingen in 1876 and again in 1926, according to the custom at Gottingen, upon the fiftieth anniversary of his promotion to the doctorate.
From 1876 to 1881 he was assistant in analytical chemistry to Prof. Frederick Augustus Genth of the University of Pennsylvania. He told charmingly of his experiences during this period in his article on mineral chemistry in "A Half-Century of Chemistry in America, 1876-1926".
He was professor of chemistry at Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania, 1881-83, and at Wittenberg College, Springfield, Ohio, 1883-88. It was during this period that he published A Text-Book of Inorganic Chemistry (1883) and Chemistry of the Carbon Compounds, or Organic Chemistry (1886), both translations from the German of Victor von Richter, which were used for several decades as textbooks in American colleges.
In 1888 he returned to the University of Pennsylvania to accept the professorship of analytical chemistry, from which Genth had retired; four years later he became head of the department of chemistry. Appointed vice-provost of the university in 1898 and provost in 1911, he carried on a very successful administration; not only were millions of dollars raised, but there was a great quickening of the intellectual and spiritual life of the university.
Resigning as provost and teacher in 1920, he devoted the remainder of his life to promoting an interest in the humanistic and cultural aspects of chemistry, which he felt were being neglected in the industrial stress of American civilization. He was influential in establishing the divisions of chemical education and historical chemistry in the American Chemical Society. He wrote numerous biographical sketches of prominent American chemists and amassed a private collection of prints, autograph letters, medallions, rare books, and other memorabilia of prominent chemists that was one of the most extensive ever assembled.
From 1914 to 1920 he was a trustee of the Carnegie Foundation, and from 1917 to 1922 president of the Wistar Institute of Anatomy. He served upon the jury of awards of the Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893 and was a member of the United States Assay Commission, 1895 and 1901-05. In 1917 and in 1925 he was a member of the Electoral College, serving as its president in the latter year; in 1919 he was a member of the commission for the revision of the constitution of Pennsylvania, and in 1921 was appointed by Pres. Warren Gamaliel Harding a member of the board of technical advisors to the disarmament conference.
His writings include thirteen chemical textbooks, five of which were translations, seven volumes and thirty-six brochures upon historical-chemical subjects, and 169 chemical papers. He was president of the American Chemical Society, 1895, 1921, and 1922; of the American Philosophical Society, 1902-08; and of the History of Science Society at the time of his death.
He died of pneumonia in Philadelphia, survived by his wife.
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He was a member of the National Academy of Sciences. He was an honorary member of the American Chemical Society, the American Electrochemical Society, the Societa de Chimie Industrielle de France, and the American Institute of Chemists.
He was unsurpassed as a conversationalist, lecturer, and public speaker. His genial, affable personality and strong capacity for friendships made him loved in every circle.
On April 10, 1879, he married Margie A. Gruel of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania. There were no children.