Education
He was educated at the University of Königsberg and the University of Halle, studying theology and philosophy.
He was educated at the University of Königsberg and the University of Halle, studying theology and philosophy.
He was then successively principal of a parish school at Eckersberg, Prussia, and professor in the gymnasium of Lyck (now in Poland). He left the latter post in July 1861 to go as a traveling Lutheran missionary to Wisconsin and Minnesota. In 1863 he was elected first professor of theology in the seminary of the synod of Wisconsin.
He returned to Germany in 1866, and was pastor at Johannisburg (now in Poland) until 1869, preaching in German and Polish.