In search of light;: The broadcasts of Edward R. Murrow, 1938-1961
(Edward R. Murrow was America's greatest broadcaster. In S...)
Edward R. Murrow was America's greatest broadcaster. In Search of Light is both his permanent testament and a vivid public diary of a tumultuous era. It includes: his reports from the rooftops of wartime London, an American troopship in the Atlantic, a bomb run to Berlin, the gates of Buchenwald, the wedding of Queen Elizabeth, the Korean War, the civil rights revolution, the launches of the first rocket probes; his portraits of the great (Churchill, Eisenhower, Steven-son) and the lesser-known but equally heroic; his famous "See It Now" telecast that helped bring about McCarthy's downfall. These graceful, witty, and courageous broadcasts have set the standard for every journalist in the past half-century.
Edward Roscoe Murrow was an American broadcast journalist.
Background
Murrow was born Egbert Roscoe Murrow on April 25, 1908 at Polecat Creek, near Greensboro, in Guilford County, North Carolina, the son of Roscoe Conklin Murrow and Ethel F. (née Lamb) Murrow. The family moved in 1913, and Murrow grew up in Washington state.
Education
He attended high school in nearby Edison, and was president of the student body in his senior year and excelled on the debate team. After graduation from high school in 1926, Murrow enrolled at Washington State College (now Washington State University) across the state in Pullman, and eventually majored in speech. A member of the Kappa Sigma fraternity, he was also active in college politics. By his teen years, Murrow went by the nickname "Ed" and during his second year of college, he changed his name from Egbert to Edward. In 1929, while attending the annual convention of the National Student Federation of America, Murrow gave a speech urging college students to become more interested in national and world affairs; this led to his election as president of the federation. After earning his bachelor's degree in 1930, he moved back east to New York.
Career
Murrow began his career in international student exchange, but after his marriage to Janet Huntington Brewster he joined the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) in 1935 as director of talks. In 1937 he went to London to arrange speeches and concerts for the American radio network. However, in 1938, he was plunged into news broadcasting when Adolf Hitler annexed Austria to Germany, and he continued to broadcast throughout World War II. The German "blitz" against London in 1940 made Murrow the best-known American radio voice from overseas, identified by his incisive personal reporting from rooftops and airfields and his social and political probing behind the wartime headlines. After America entered the war, Murrow won renown for his broadcasts describing a bombing raid against Berlin, the liberation of the Buchenwald concentration camp, and the American capture of Leipzig. Returning to the United States after the war, Murrow inaugurated television journalism-in-depth in 1951 with the weekly program "See It Now. " It examined political and social issues and in 1954 challenged the nation's most feared demagogue at that time, Senator Joseph McCarthy. "See It Now" stirred controversy as it explored various national concerns, and Murrow ranged the world to film news and interview political figures. With his good looks and forceful personality, he became a well-known public figure in his own right, especially after starting another television program, "Person to Person, " which brought him electronically into the homes of celebrities. But the widening mass nature of television with its increasing commercialism and costs put the emphasis on entertainment programs that won audience ratings. Murrow's brand of purposeful news broadcasting found less and less time on the air. A notable speech to the broadcasting industry in 1958 appealling for better programs found little response. Murrow left broadcasting in 1961 to become director of the U. S. Information Agency (USIA). He restored the USIA's morale and effectiveness, damaged in the McCarthy years, but found conflict between his role as government propagandist and his independent journalistic past. Ill health compelled his resignation, and he died on April 27, 1965.
Achievements
He was generally referred to as Ed Murrow. He first came to prominence with a series of radio broadcasts for the news division of the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) during World War II, which were followed by millions of listeners in the United States. During the war he assembled a team of foreign correspondents who came to be known as the Murrow Boys.
A pioneer of television news broadcasting, Murrow produced a series of reports that helped lead to the censure of Senator Joseph McCarthy. Fellow journalists Eric Sevareid, Ed Bliss, Bill Downs, Dan Rather, and Alexander Kendrick consider Murrow one of journalism's greatest figures, noting his honesty and integrity in delivering the news.
Quotations:
"American traditions and the American ethic require us to be truthful, but the most important reason is that truth is the best propaganda and lies are the worst. To be persuasive we must be believable; to be believable we must be credible; to be credible we must be truthful. It is as simple as that. "
"When the politicians complain that TV turns the proceedings into a circus, it should be made clear that the circus was already there, and that TV has merely demonstrated that not all the performers are well trained. "
"A nation of sheep will beget a government of wolves. "
"We must not confuse dissent with disloyalty. We must remember always that accusation is not proof and that conviction depends upon evidence and due process of law. We will not walk in fear, one of another. "
"I simply cannot accept that there are, on every story, two equal and logical sides to an argument. "
"We must not confuse dissent with disloyalty. When the loyal opposition dies, I think the soul of America dies with it. "
Personality
Quotes from others about the person
His colleague and friend Eric Sevareid said of him, "He was a shooting star; and we will live in his afterglow a very long time. "
Connections
He married Janet Huntington Brewster on March 12, 1935. Their son, Charles Casey Murrow, was born in the west of London on November 6, 1945.