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He was born on June 1, 1849 in Dorchester, Massachussets, United States. He was son of Henry Hunter and Susan Barker (Thaxter) Peters and a first cousin of John Punnett Peters.
Upon his mother's side he was descended from several old Massachusetts families. His mother died soon after his birth and his father married a second time in 1854.
Edward received his early education in Massachusetts schools and at the Episcopal School for Boys, Cheshire, Connecticut.
In 1865 his family went abroad to remain for several years and his technical education was obtained at the Royal School of Mines at Freiberg, Saxony, from which he graduated in 1869. Classroom instruction was supplemented by actual work in nearby mines and smelting works, and during vacation trips he visited mines and metallurgical plants, gathering valuable data on prevailing practices.
Later he entered the Harvard Medical School, graduating in 1877 at the head of a class of sixty-two members.
The fall of 1869 found him in Colorado started on his active career, first as millman and assayer, then as superintendent and metallurgist at the Caribou silver mine. In 1872 he was appointed territorial assayer for southern Colorado, the local press congratulating the district upon obtaining the services of "so thorough and correct a metallurgist. " During 1872-74 he designed, built, and successfully operated the Mount Lincoln smelting works. When, in 1874, mining went into a decline, Peters returned East and, giving up hope of following his profession.
After studies of medicine he practised medicine in Dorchester, Massachussets, from 1877 until 1880, when he returned to mining. In the years immediately following he was associated with and originated some of the largest American copper and nickel smelting plants, including those of the Orford Nickel & Copper Company, Bergen Point, New Jersey, the Parrott Silver & Copper Company and the Canadian Copper Company, where he "blew in" the first blast furnace in December 1888 for the production of nickel-copper matte.
In 1893 and 1894, in the interests of the Mount Lyell company, he visited the Rio Tinto mines in Spain, the Mansfeld mines in Germany, and various mines in the western United States.
He lectured at Columbia School of Mines in 1901 and at Harvard in 1904. In the latter year he was appointed professor of metallurgy at Harvard and in 1909, Gordon McKay Professor of Metallurgy. During his last few years he held a professorship in the combined mining departments of Harvard and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
He was the author of the book, The Practice of Copper Smelting (1911). His other notable work was The Principles of Copper Smelting (1907). Peters was one of the commission to make the annual assay (1910) of the coin of the United States at the mint in Philadelphia.
He died in Dorchester, Massachussets.
Edward Dyer was well-known as inspector of the Mount Lyell mine, a vast pyritic ore-body carrying some copper and gold, in a most inaccessible part of Tasmania. In Melbourne and other cities en route he was feted, made an honorary member of the principal clubs, and otherwise treated as a celebrity. Besides, he was engaged in consulting work in connection with numerous mining enterprises in Mexico and the United States. The results of his survey he published in widely-discussed Report on the Property of the Mount Lyell Mining. As an author he made important contributions to technical literature, his valuable work Modern American Methods of Copper Smelting (1887), an authentic and comprehensive treatise which ran through fifteen editions.
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On September 28, 1881, he married his cousin, Anna Quincy Cushing; they had no children.
