Background
Caldwell was the son of former slaves Wilson Caldwell and Susan Kirby, and the grandson of November Caldwell, a slave owned by Joseph Caldwell, the first president of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
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Edwin Caldwell
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Caldwell is credited with discovering one of the first effective treatments for pellagra. Both Wilson and November Caldwell had worked as "college servants" (a euphemism for slaves employed as unpaid staff) on the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill campus during the antebellum era. When Edwin Caldwell was young, he helped clean chemistry labs at University of North Carolina where his father worked as a janitor after emancipation.
He was described as a very bright boy, who was liked very much by the students at the University.
He received his education at a free public school as a child in North Carolina. He also received private lessons as a child from students University of North Carolina, including Class of 1880 graduate Locke Craig, who later became Governor of North Carolina.
Caldwell attended Shaw University in Raleigh, North Carolina, and graduated from Shaw"s Leonard Medical School in 1890. From there he went on to practice medicine at Charlotte, North Carolina.
Caldwell went on to pass the examination of the Arkansas State Medical Board in 1892, and then practiced for seventeen years in Osceola, Arkansas.
Edwin Caldwell moved in with her to help take care of the children, and decided to marry her. Together they had one child, and named her Julia Elizabeth Caldwell became an authority on pellagra, which is a nutritional disease caused by niacin deficiency. Murray also noted that Caldwell served white patients in Central North Carolina as well, but that social mores during the Jim Crow era discouraged whites from openly acknowledging that they had received health care from a black doctor.
Caldwell died in 1932 and is buried in Section Bachelor of the Old Chapel Hill Cemetery at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
Membership
He was elected a member of the American Association of Progressive Medicine and the Medical Society of the United States.
