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(Excerpt from A History of the Kansas Crusade: Its Friends...)
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He was born in Mendon, Massachussets, in 1819. Eli was the eldest child of Cushman and Miranda (Pond) Thayer, and a descendant of Thomas Thayer, an early settler of Braintree, Massachussets Cushman Thayer was a farmer and later kept a store.
Eli was educated somewhat irregularly, with interludes for school teaching and working in his father's store; but by the autumn of 1840, having finished his preparation at the Worcester Manual Labor High School (later Worcester Academy), he was able to enter Brown University. Here, delayed again by teaching, he graduated as salutatorian of his class in 1845.
A position awaited him at his old school in Worcester, and from 1847 to 1849 he was principal.
On Goat Hill, in an undeveloped part of Worcester, where he had been purchasing land since 1845, Thayer erected between 1848 and 1852 a large "castle, " completely machicolated and with four-story round towers at its ends. This was the site of the Oread Collegiate Institute, a school for young women which Thayer established, and the residence of Thayer and his family for the greater part of fifty years.
One of the pioneers in the history of education for women, he made provision in the institution for collegiate instruction. Three departments were established, primary, academic, and collegiate, the last offering a four-year course closely modeled on that of Brown and leading to the diploma of Oreas Erudita. Thayer himself retained the active headship – including the instruction in Latin and mathematics – for only a few years, and thereafter the Institute, which under his own guidance had flourished, soon lost much of its college emphasis and became a young ladies' seminary more close to the usual type.
Entering public life, Thayer held one or two municipal offices, and in 1852 was elected to the General Court as a Free Soiler, serving in 1853-54. There his chief effort was directed to securing a charter of a bank of mutual redemption. Its purpose was to redeem the bills of New England banks – its stockholders being such banks as cared to subscribe – and thus to enable country bankers to escape the tyranny of the Suffolk Bank in Boston. The charter was granted in 1855, though the institution did not begin operation till sometime later.
Meantime, Thayer embarked on the great enterprise of his life, that of promoting organized emigration. In the spring of 1854, while the Kansas-Nebraska bill was pending, he interested a number of influential people in the cause of making Kansas free by colonization, and within six weeks (April 26, 1854) obtained a charter for the Massachusetts Emigrant Aid Company. The charter was thought to be defective and was given up, and a voluntary organization took its place, under the name New England Emigrant Aid Company, chartered February 16, 1855. Thayer always believed in the scheme as an investment, though many of his associates did not.
Throughout various changes of organization and until its work was largely done (1856), he remained by far its most energetic promoter and for a period was paid a commission for the sums obtained through his efforts. His early enlistment of Horace Greeley and the New York Tribune in support of the movement gave it great aid. For over two years Thayer spent most of his time traveling in New England and New York on the business of the company.
In 1856 he was suddenly drafted as Republican candidate for Congress in the Worcester district, and served two terms, 1857-61.
As a delegate at the Chicago Convention his support of Lincoln rather than of Seward was a count against him. In 1860 he was forced to run as an independent and was defeated. A painful episode of these years was Thayer's contact with John Brown, who visited him at the Oread, asked for arms to defend the free settlers of Kansas, and received all Thayer had. These arms were used at Harpers Ferry, and Thayer was always very bitter about the deception that had been practised on him.
Thayer's subsequent life was not a happy one. He served as a treasury agent in 1861-62, obtained some support at Washington for a plan of military colonization of Florida, and in 1864-70 was land agent in New York for Western railroad interests. Returning to Worcester, he was a candidate for Congress on the Democratic ticket in 1874 and 1878. In 1887 he entered on a period of vigorous newspaper controversy with the Garrisonian abolitionists, whom he condemned whole-heartedly as disunionists and as having added nothing but disloyalty to the national struggle against slavery. He felt that his efforts in securing Kansas for freedom were not properly recognized. His speeches in Congress appear in Six Speeches, with a Sketch of the Life of Hon. Eli Thayer (1860). He was the author of The New England Emigrant Aid Company, and Its Influence, through the Kansas Contest, upon National History (1887), also printed in Collections of the Worcester Society of Antiquity, and of A History of the Kansas Crusade, Its Friends and Its Foes (1889), in which he expressed his feelings regarding the part he played in that movement.
Eli Thayer has been listed as a noteworthy congressman by Marquis Who's Who.
(Excerpt from A History of the Kansas Crusade: Its Friends...)
(This volume is produced from digital images from the Corn...)
(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
(Six Speeches - With a sketch of the life of Hon. Eli Thay...)
His position in Congress was unusual. So great was his enthusiasm for company colonization of new lands that he came to regard the method as almost a panacea. It was his belief that free men, backed by investors and preceded by efficient agents to form "receiving stations, " would suffice to create free and prosperous communities, and that the question of slavery – or, in the case of Utah, polygamy – would soon disappear. Even the border states, he thought, might be brought to freedom by this means, and in 1857-59 he worked hard in connection with the founding of Ceredo in western Virginia. Filibustering in Central America, he was convinced, could be stopped by the same means. All his very witty and genially satirical congressional speeches were directed to this theme, the implications of which formed a sort of popular-sovereignty doctrine which made him totally uninterested in congressional action about slavery in the territories. This most unorthodox Republicanism was anathema to many of Thayer's constituents, and when in 1859 he swung a decisive though small group in the House to vote for the admission of Oregon, his political fate was sealed.
On August 6, 1845, he married Caroline M. Capron, by whom he had five daughters and two sons.
1826–1908
1855–1914
1847–1914
1850–1919
1849–1924
1853–1936
