A Star in the West: Or, A Humble Attempt to Discover the Long Lost Ten Tribes of Israel, Preparatory to Their Return to Their Beloved City, Jerusalem
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The Life, Public Services, Addresses and Letters of Elias Boudinot, LL. D.: President of the Continental Congress
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The Age Of Revelation: Or The Age Of Reason Shewn To Be An Age Of Infidelity
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Journal or Historical Recollections of American Events During the Revolutionary War
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Elias Boudinot was an American statesman, politician, military. He was a revolutionary war continental army officer and continental congressman.
Background
Elias Boudinot was born on May 2, 1740, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to a wealthy family. He was the fourth of the same name in direct descent, and has been often confused with his younger brother, Elisha (1749 - 1819), and with this brother's son, Elias E. (1791 - 1863). Driven out of Marans, Rochelle, France, by the revocation of the Edict of Nantes (1685), Elias Boudinot the first, a prosperous merchant, elder in the Reformed Church, Seigneur de Cressy, went to London, thence to New York about 1687, joined in protest against Leisler's maladministration, bought extensive lands in Bergen County, New Jersey, and died in New York in 1702.
Elias the second (1674 - 1719) married Marie Catherine, and through their daughters was built up a remarkable matrimonial network of the Boudinot family with the Ricketts, Chetwood, Chandler, Clayton, Vergereau, Tennent, and other families noted in colonial law, church, and business affairs.
Elias the third (1706 - 70), postmaster and silversmith of Princeton, married CatherineWilliams of Antigua, British West Indies; their daughter, Annis, married Richard Stockton, signer of the Declaration of Independence, father-in-law of Benjamin Rush, and grandfatherof Richard Rush.
Education
Boudinot was educated at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University), where he studied law and was mentored by future Declaration of Independence Signer Richard Stockton.
Neither a classical academy education, baptism by George Whitefield, nor early and arduous study of law could mar the serenity of Elias's temper or the poise of his good sense.
Career
Licensed counsellor and attorney-at-law, 1760, sergeant-at-law, 1770, he became a leader in his profession (hon. LL. D. Yale, 1790) and a trustee of Princeton (1772 - 1821). Two fellowships founded by him are extant there. In March 1775, with William Livingston, he hurried the New Jersey Assembly into approving the proceedings of the first Continental Congress at Philadelphia.
On June 11, 1774, Boudinot became a member of the Committee of Correspondence for Essex County, New Jersey, but felt a "firm dependence in the mothercountry essential. "
In August 1775, he, then a member of the New Jersey Provincial Congress, procured from Elizabethtown eight or ten half-casks of powder for Washington's army at Cambridge, the forces there being down to eight rounds per man. In April 1776, at New Brunswick he quashed Dr. John Witherspoon's queer attempt to rush New Jersey into declaring for independence.
On June 6, 1777, by commission dated May 15, Congress appointed him commissary-general of prisoners, with the pay and rations of a colonel, five deputies, and full power even to altering the directions of the board of war. Thus he was drawn into "the boisterous noisy, fatiguing unnatural and disrelishing state of War and slaughter".
This he did, not only to "be of some serviceto the Prisoners" but also "to watch the Military and to preserve the Civil Rights of my Fellow Citizens". He organized the care of the American prisoners despite great difficulties, and put in $30, 000 of his own money to do it. On William Duer's insistence he recovered most of this despite New England opposition.
Washington offered to stand half the loss, corrected Boudinot's judgment as to treason and military tactics, and relied on him to reconcile Steuben to other officers and for certain secret service information. Their relations were close and, on Boudinot's part, extremely reverential.
On November 20, 1777, he was elected delegate to Congress, and wrote of Philadelphia, "This City is enough to kill a horse" (to his wife July 9, 1778). He did not attend Congress until July 7, 1778, and then only on Washington's insistence that it was his only chance to be reimbursed in "hard money, " i. e. , out of the cash captured from Burgoyne.
Rechosen to Congress until 1784, president November 4, 1782, acting also as secretary of foreign affairs from June 16, 1783, he served on over thirty committees and usually as chairman, while his social grace and legal acumen were invaluable in dealing with representatives of other countries. He signed the treaties of peace with Great Britain and of alliance with the French king, the proclamations for cessation of hostilities, thanksgiving, discharging the army, and removing the Congress to Princeton, and presided at that session in Nassau Hall when Washington was thanked for his services "in establishing the freedom and independence of your country. "
His benevolent good sense went far to neutralize the acidities of our peace commissioners abroad.
As a strong Federalist he helped ratify the Constitution in New Jersey and conducted Washington into New York for the first inauguration. Elected to the House of Representatives in the first, second and third Congresses, he fathered many essential measures and took part in practically all important debates. In the great assault of February 1793 on Hamilton's conduct of the federal Treasury, Boudinot led the defense.
In 1795, he succeeded David Rittenhouse as director of the United States Mint and reorganized the enterprise with "great industry as well as ability". Some of his rules are still in force. His technical skill and his care for the employees are shown by his letters to Jefferson of June 16, 1801, and April 17, 1802. He resigned July 1, 1805, to study the Bible at his home in Burlington, New Jersey.
Save when absent on duty, he spent his entire life in New Jersey, living successively at Princeton, Elizabethtown, and Burlington. His will, July 3, 1821, disposed of a large property, including several tracts of wild land in Pennsylvania, to innumerable dear ones and good causes.
Achievements
Elias Boudinot was the first counsellor named by the United States Supreme Court and seems never to have lost either his taste for the practise of his profession or his acute and sensible interest in public affairs.
He other achievement came in 1795, when he was appointed director of the United States Mint and reorganized the enterprise with "great industry as well as ability".
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Politics
Supporting gentry rule, legal government, and property rights, Boudinot was a conservative Whig in politics but followed the liberal trend of his Colony and his connections, and entered on revolution chiefly by opposing Gov. William Franklin.
Views
Quotations:
"I am satisfied that the grace of God is not confined to Sect or Party. "
Personality
Boudinot is described as tall, handsome, "every way prepossessing, " elegant, eloquent and emotional. He seems to have had few quarrels, and no enemies.
Connections
Elias Boudinot married, on April 21, 1762, the signer's sister, Hannah Stockton, whom he had long courted, and urged to "press forward toward a heavenly goal. " Their courting names "Eugenia" and "Narcissus" were in use thirty years later.
Father:
Elias Boudinot, Sr
1706 - 4 July 1770
Mother:
Mary Catherine Williams Boudinot
23 January 1715 - 1 November 1765
Brother:
Elisha Boudinot
2 January 1749 - 17 October 1819
Sister:
Annis Boudinot Stockton
1 July 1736 - 6 February 1801
Wife:
Hannah Stockton Boudinot
21 July 1736 - 1808
Daughter:
Maria Boudinot
14 January 1763 - 1765
Daughter:
Susan Vergereau Boudinot Bradford
21 December 1764 - 30 November 1854
associate:
William Livingston
American politician who served as the Governor of New Jersey (1776–1790)
