Background
He was born in London and gained his first degree at the University of Oxford.
He was born in London and gained his first degree at the University of Oxford.
He completed a Doctor of Philosophy at the Australian National University and taught history at the University of Newcastle from 1967.
His book Isolationism and Appeasement in Australia: Reactions to the European Crises, 1935–1939 has been quoted in the Australian Capital Territory Legislative Assembly.