Career
She was the younger sister of birth control activist Margaret Sanger. Ethel and Margaret were the daughters of Michael Hennessey Higgins and Anne Higgins. Ethel Byrne"s daughter, Olive Byrne, was an important muse to the creator of Wonder Woman, William Moulton Marston.
Ethel and Margaret Sanger had a troubled relationship as reported by Jill Lepore in The Secret History of Wonder Woman.
Ethel Byrne"s background in nursing was pivotal to her activism and directly contributed to her desire to make birth control accessible to women of varying socio-economic backgrounds. Byrne was a trained nurse who assisted immigrant women in need of medical care in the Brownsville area of Brooklyn, New York in 1916.
Ethel Byrne was a progressive era radical feminist who advocated for women to have access to birth control. The three women advertised the services offered by the clinic by passing out flyers in different languages, including English, Yiddish and Italian.
Although Byrne is not widely known today, her early activism had long lasting impact on raising awareness of the importance of access to information about birth control.
The arrest of Mistress Ethel Byrne compelled a group of politically active New York women to ask for a meeting with President Woodrow Wilson to request that he contribute to overturning laws criminalizing distribution of birth control. The clinic was highly controversial due to the enforcement of the Comstock Laws.
Byrne and Sanger distributed pessaries and would show their clients how to use this method of contraception in direct violation of these laws.
After being arrested for distribution of information about birth control Byrne was sentenced to 30 days in Blackwell"s Island prison. She was jailed at Blackwell Island workhouse on January 22, 1917 for her activism in advocating for the legalization of birth control and subsequently went on a hunger strike. As noted historian Jill Lepore reports in her compelling book The Secret History of Wonder Woman Ethel Byrne was the first female political prisoner in the United States to be subjected to force feeding.
Mistress
Byrne was prepared to starve herself to death in support of her cause. Her case was the first of a group of cases known as the "Sanger cases" to be brought to trial. Sanger supported Byrne"s activism and was quoted as saying "I didn"t advise her to undertake this hunger strike, but I certainly would not tell her to end it now." Although they had a falling out after this arrest, their confinement helped bring national attention to their push for the legalization of birth control.
lieutenant also hurt their relationship as Sanger"s notoriety grew after this arrest and she was sometimes known to take cr for Ethel"s infamous hunger strike.
Ethel Byrne suffered from a stroke and ultimately died in 1955. She did not live to see the legalization of the birth control pill as she passed away five years before it received Food and Drug Administration approval.
