Background
Fedor von Bock was born into an old Prussian military family in Küstrin (today Kostrzyn in Poland), a fortress city on the banks of the Oder River in the Province of Brandenburg.
Fedor von Bock was born into an old Prussian military family in Küstrin (today Kostrzyn in Poland), a fortress city on the banks of the Oder River in the Province of Brandenburg.
Educated at the Potsdam military school, Bock was assigned to an infantry guards regiment in 1897 and advanced to a captaincy by 1914.
Emerging from World War I as a major, he became commander of the Third Army group in 1920 and remained in that post until 1938, when Adolf Hitler made him commander of the First Army group. During the invasion of Belgium and France in May and June 1940, he commanded the lower Somme army group. He was one of the 12 German generals whom Hitler created field marshals of the Reich on July 19, 1940.
In 1941 Bock took command of the central German armies in the Russian campaign. He dealt the Russians some of their severest defeats in the early part of the campaign, notably at Bialystok and Minsk and also, later, at Smolensk and Vyazma. He unleashed six separate major offensives against Moscow in the fall of 1941 but failed to take the city. Then Bock began his series of “orderly retreats” and “defensive actions.” He was later shifted to the southern front and led the columns that bludgeoned their way to Stalingrad in the big German summer offensive of 1942. He was relieved of his command when he complained of the strategic impracticality of operating massive German offensives simultaneously against Stalingrad and in the Caucasus. Bock was killed along with his wife and daughter in an air raid.