A Treatise on Logic: Or, The Laws of Pure Thought; Comprising Both Aristotelic and Hamiltonian Analyses of Logical Forms, and Some Chapters of Applied Logic
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American Political Economy: Including Strictures on the Management of the Currency and the Finances Since 1861, with a Chart Showing the Fluctuations in the Price of Gold
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Lives of Baron Steuben, Sebastian Cabot, and William Eaton
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(After the fall of the communist regimes in Europe and the...)
After the fall of the communist regimes in Europe and the advancement of democratic and liberal reforms it was expected that the Old Continent was set to enter in a period of peace and prosperity that would make the inter-state conflicts a thing of the distant past. Whereas the events in Syria and Iraq proved that “the end of history” was illusory in the Muslim world, Ukraine and Russia played the role of dream destroyers in Europe with the conflicts in Crimea and the Donbas region. Moreover, one of the places that can become a future place for an outbreak of instability is Hungary. Since 1989 the country fallowed a path that reopened ethnic wounds provoking diplomatic reactions from neighboring countries. Helped by a chauvinist political class and an educational system that teaches an unilateral view of history the current trend is set to get worse by reactivating revanchist sentiments among the Hungarian minorities living in neighboring states. Taking in consideration the current economic difficulties the institutions of the EU and NATO might not be able to mitigate possible escalations in the future.
Hungary finds itself in the same position as in the interbelic period, a revisionist country ready to ally with any other state that could satisfy its territorial interests. As a proof that Hungary is not invested in preserving the current status quo in Europe is the evolving diplomatic and commercial relations between Budapest and Moscow.
To understand why Hungary behaves in this manner one must go deep in the past of the country. A forgotten book lost in the past, The War of Races in Hungary by Francis Bowen, is a must for anyone who wants to grasp why the Magyar political class behaves in this manner.
The principles of metaphysical and ethical science: applied to the evidences of religion
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Francis Bowen was an American philosopher. He is noted for his thirty-six years service as an Alvord professor of natural religion, moral philosophy, and civil polity.
Background
Francis Bowen was born on September 8, 1811, in Charlestown, Massachusetts. He was the son of Dijah and Elizabeth (Flint) Bowen. One of a large family, he was early obliged to support himself, at least in part, by clerking in a publishing house and by teaching.
Education
For one term Bowen studied at the Mayhew School, Boston, in Phillips Exeter Academy, and in Harvard College for three years, graduating from the latter with highest honors in 1833.
Career
After graduating from Harvard College highest honors in 1833, Bowen taught mathematics for two years at Exeter, after which he returned to Harvard as a tutor in intellectual philosophy and political economy. In 1839, he went to Europe for a year of study and travel. In 1843, he succeeded Dr. Palfrey as proprietor and editor of the North American Review, a position which he held for a little over a decade.
During the visit to America of Louis Kossuth, in 1851, the cause which the Hungarian revolutionist represented was sharply attacked by Bowen. The imperialist paid for this temerity in offending popular American sentiment by losing an appointment to which he had been nominated as McLean professor of history in Harvard.
In 1853, however, he was appointed Alvord professor of natural religion, moral philosophy, and civil polity in the same institution. This position he held for thirty-six years. He came into national prominence once again in November 1888. Long known as a protectionist in principle, he was then appealed to by the Republican national chairman for a public endorsement of the party's tariff platform, to which he replied by a stinging denunciation of the current tariff as a tyranny, crushing native industries and taxing the necessities of life.
At the age of seventy-four he resigned his position in Harvard, and died shortly thereafter.
As a philosopher, Bowen was chiefly interested in harmonizing philosophy with Christianity. Bowen's type of thought might be characterized as natural realism modified by Kantian elements. Its analysis and discussion of Kant's thought is particularly able and interesting. In his polemics Bowen was somewhat prone to bend logic to meet the demands of argument, as in his vigorous attack upon the theory of evolution.
Bowen too frequently confounded the appeal to reason with the appeal to the emotions. He also spread his energy over too many fields to attain supremacy in any of them.
Quotations:
"To become a thoroughly good man is the best prescription for keeping a sound mind and a sound body. "
"Why should it be thought incredible that the same soul should inhabit in succession an indefinite number of moral bodies? Even during this one life our bodies are perpetually changing, through a process of decay and restoration; which is so gradual that it escapes our notice. Every human being thus dwells successively in many bodies, even during one short life. "
Connections
Francis Bowen was married to Arabella, daughter of Colonel and Eliza (Austin) Stuart.