Background
Francis Higbee Case was born in Everly, Iowa, United States on December 9, 1896. He was the son of the Reverend Herbert Llywellan Case, a Methodist minister, and of Mary Ellen Grannis.
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Francis Higbee Case was born in Everly, Iowa, United States on December 9, 1896. He was the son of the Reverend Herbert Llywellan Case, a Methodist minister, and of Mary Ellen Grannis.
He attended high school in Sturgis (where his father's circuit was based) and Hot Springs, graduating from the latter in 1914. That fall he entered Dakota Wesleyan University at Mitchell, where he worked on the newspaper and gained recognition as an orator.
Following graduation, Case enlisted in 1918 as a private in the Marine Corps, serving for eight months and never getting beyond boot camp at Mare Island, Calif. He later held reserve commissions in both the army (1924 - 1931) and the Marine Corps (from 1937). After the war Case resumed his education, receiving an M. A. in 1920 from Northwestern University at Evanston, Ill. From 1920 to 1922, while continuing his studies at Northwestern, he was assistant editor of the Epworth Herald, published in Chicago by the Young People's League of the Northern Methodist Church. He also prepared two volumes devoted to church advertising (1921, 1925). In 1922 he returned to South Dakota as telegraph editor and editorial writer of the Rapid City Daily Journal. He and his brother Leland sold their interest in the paper in 1925, and thereafter purchased and sold several other newspapers.
In 1928, while editing a newspaper in Hot Springs, Case successfully promoted the idea of inviting President Calvin Coolidge to vacation in the Black Hills. The president eventually did visit. After moving to Custer, in 1931, Case edited and published the Custer Chronicle, and invested in ranch lands in the surrounding Black Hills. At that time he also entered public life, serving as a state regent of education (1931 - 1933). Case's district encompassed the western half of South Dakota. Although largely rural and inhabited by more than 20, 000 Indians, it was dominated politically as well as economically by the Home-stake Mining Company. In the House, Case served on the Appropriations Committee, proving himself a diligent, effective, and (until 1946) relatively obscure member. He received little credit, for example, for his 1942 amendment calling for the renegotiation of war contracts, an approach that became standard practice and by June 1946 had returned more than $9 billion to the United States treasury. Case's voting record, typical of midwestern Republicans, was largely isolationist. Three weeks before Pearl Harbor, for example, he voted against amendments to the Neutrality Act permitting American merchant ships to be armed and to carry supplies to belligerents. In July 1946, though, he did not follow the majority of his party when he voted for the $3. 75 billion loan to Great Britain. It was in this year that Case emerged from obscurity by drafting a bill seeking tighter control of labor, the most far-reaching such measure that Congress had approved since the passage of the Wagner Act in 1935. Case claimed he introduced the bill largely because of constituents' demands that he do something about the rash of postwar strikes that were upsetting war-weary citizens throughout the country. His measure, which was modified in its passage through the Congress, called for a five-member labor-management mediation board, a sixty-day cooling-off period, and provisions for holding unions, employees, and employers accountable for infringement of contracts or restraint of trade. The bill was backed in the House by the Rules Committee, controlled by a coalition of conservative southern Democrats and Republicans; this allowed it to bypass the Labor Committee, which had given it no previous consideration. Case declared that the bill was planned to overcome alleged injustices in the National Labor Relations Act and "bring about mutuality of contract obligations and restrictions on the use of force and violence. " President Harry Truman, questioning the measure on constitutional grounds and contending that the instrumentalities provided could not achieve their goals, vetoed it on June 11. The veto was sustained in the House by 255 to 135, five votes less than the two-thirds necessary to override. The measure presaged the Taft - Hartley Act, approved over the president's veto in 1947. In 1950, Case was elected to the Senate, and was reelected in 1956. Although he captured 63. 9 percent of the vote in 1950, he ran the closest race of his public life in 1956, winning only 50. 8 percent. In the Senate, Case served on the Armed Services and Public Works committees, chairing a subcommittee on each. He continued his diligent, unobtrusive service, introducing measures of importance to his constituents, favoring self-government for the city of Washington, serving on the committee investigating the conduct of Wisconsin Senator Joseph R. McCarthy, and sitting as an ex officio member of the Appropriations Committee when it considered funding measures for rivers and harbors and for the Department of Defense. Continuing a pattern evident during his tenure in the House of Representatives, Case became known to his colleagues as "the amendingest senator" because of his attention to details and his close scrutiny of proposed laws. In 1956, Case again came to national attention, sparking one of the great uproars of the Eighty-fourth Congress. On February 10, during the debate on a bill removing controls over producers' prices of natural gas, he disclosed his refusal to accept a $2, 500 "campaign contribution" from a lawyer serving as an oil company lobbyist. He said an envelope containing twenty-five $100 bills was given to a South Dakota friend with the explanation that it was a campaign contribution. It was given before Case announced his candidacy for a second Senate term. Prior to December 1955, when the money was offered, Case said he favored the bill. As a result of the offer he changed his mind. The Congress nevertheless approved the bill, but President Dwight D. Eisenhower vetoed it. Case meanwhile asked his South Dakota friend either to return the money or to give it to an orphanage. At no time in the course of his remarks did he reveal the lawyer's name. Majority leader Lyndon B. Johnson, disturbed by Case's charge, said it reflected "upon the integrity of the Senate itself" and endorsed the appointment of a bipartisan committee to determine if bribery was involved. The committee learned that John M. Neff, a Lexington, Nebraska, lawyer, had received the $2, 500 he contributed to Case's campaign from the Superior Oil Company of Los Angeles and that Neff had received further funds for political gift giving. Despite these and other disclosures, the committee, fearful of the repercussions in an election year, did not pursue the matter. Once the furor unleashed by his remarks abated, Case resumed his unobtrusive role in the Senate and continued to promote regional interests. He favored, for example, continuing federal construction of big multipurpose dams, including the development of the Missouri River Basin program. He voted against the construction of the Hell's Canyon dam on the Snake River in Idaho because he thought the fiscal arrangements were unduly favorable to the Idaho Power Company. On the other hand, in the Public Works Committee and on the Senate floor he endorsed bills allowing the Tennessee Valley Authority to issue its own bonds and the state of New York to develop the hydroelectric potential of the Niagara River. In each instance his vote was based on the premise that "much power development for a growing United States without any demands on the Federal Treasury" could be achieved, especially if a large multipurpose dam at Hell's Canyon could be constructed by a private power company. Early in 1962 he was named to the Senate Committee on Preparedness, service on which would have considerably enhanced his chances of success in his reelection campaign. But on June 21 he suffered a heart attack in his office. He died the following day in Bethesda.
Case was known as a moderate Senator whose main goals were to expand America's road and waterway infrastructure, particularly in South Dakota. Lake Francis Case, along the Missouri River, is named after him, as is a bridge on I-395 in Washington, D. C. Case's chief contribution in the Senate, as in the House, was in clarifying provisions of bills and proposing amendments that would make measures more precise or trim out unnecessary federal spending. In 1962, Congress authorized the naming of the new $7 million span across the Washington channel of the Potomac River in his honor. In the following year the Fort Randall Reservoir in South Dakota was renamed Lake Francis Case.
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In 1934 he was an unsuccessful Republican candidate for election to Congress, but in 1936 he defeated the Democratic incumbent, T. B. Werner, by 2, 263 votes. He served seven terms in the House of Representatives.
He was a member of the United States Congress from South Dakota.
On August 19, 1926, Case married Myrle Lucile Graves; they had two children.
