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A Memoir of the Life and Labors of the Rev. Adoniram Judson, Part 2
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As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Francis Wayland was an American lawyer and for thirty years dean of the Yale Law School.
Background
Francis Wayland was born in Boston, Massachussets, and died in New Haven, Connecticut His father, Francis Wayland, was long president of Brown University. His mother, Lucy Lane (Lincoln) of Boston, died when he was seven, and he was brought up by his father and his stepmother.
Education
In 1846 he graduated from Brown with the degree of A. B. , and after studying law at the Harvard Law School and in offices in Providence, R. I.
Career
In Springfield, Massachussets, he was admitted to the Massachusetts bar. In 1850 he went to Worcester, Massachussets, and practised there for some seven years. He served two terms as judge of probate for the New Haven district, and in 1869 was lieutenant-governor of the state. At this time the financial state of the Yale Law School was such as to threaten its existence. At the instigation of the local bar association and Yale University, three young members of the bar, Simeon E. Baldwin, William C. Robinson, and Johnson T. Platt, took charge of the school in 1869 and endeavored to renew its life. Soon realizing that busy lawyers like themselves could not successfully direct its activities, they sought for a leader, and at Baldwin's suggestion Wayland was chosen. In 1871 he became instructor in law, a year later professor, and in 1873, dean of the school, in which capacity he served until he retired as professor emeritus in 1903. Wayland was worldly wise, urbane, courteous, well-traveled, with independent means and a wide field of acquaintance. At once he identified the school with himself so fully that thereafter each shared the wide and favorable notice accorded the other. Under his direction the school grew and prospered materially. Whereas in 1873 its faculty consisted of four members, its students numbered twenty-one, its course of study was of two years' duration, and its library contained only 2, 000 volumes, in 1903 it had fifteen instructors and a like number of special lecturers, a three-year course, 339 students, and a library of 20, 000 volumes. In 1876 a graduate course in law, leading to advanced degrees, was established - the first, it is said, in any English or American law school. As a crowning achievement of his life Wayland personally obtained funds to provide a separate building for the law department and this building, named Hendrie Hall in honor of its chief donor, was fully completed and occupied in 1900. Though Wayland advanced the material prosperity of the school, he was conservative in his views on legal education. His long deanship occurred at a time when C. C. Langdell at Harvard was making those innovations - including the case method of study, the law faculty of full-time teachers, and the requirement of a college degree before admission as a student - which caused the Harvard Law School to be so long preëminent. Against these radical departures Wayland and his faculty stood out, and ultimately the Yale Law School suffered in prestige. Not until some years after his death and during the administration of his successor, Henry Wade Rogers, were the changes made which restored the reputation of the institution as a leading American law school. As a crowning achievement of his life Wayland personally obtained funds to provide a separate building for the law department and this building, named Hendrie Hall in honor of its chief donor, was fully completed and occupied in 1900. Though Wayland advanced the material prosperity of the school, he was conservative in his views on legal education. His long deanship occurred at a time when C. C. Langdell at Harvard was making those innovations - including the case method of study, the law faculty of full-time teachers, and the requirement of a college degree before admission as a student - which caused the Harvard Law School to be so long preëminent. Against these radical departures Wayland and his faculty stood out, and ultimately the Yale Law School suffered in prestige. Not until some years after his death and during the administration of his successor, Henry Wade Rogers, were the changes made which restored the reputation of the institution as a leading American law school. Wayland was not a great legal scholar. For some years he taught the subject of Evidence and lectured upon English constitutional history, but later he limited himself to the latter subject. For the most part, he confined his activities to the public functions of his office and to his relations with his students. The personal qualities which made him so attractive a civic and public figure were such as to win the affection and admiration of young men. He was "of unusual personal charm, eminently companionable, a born storyteller, with a genius for friendship". Of impressive stature, he was a magnificent figure on horseback, his usual means of conveyance. Wayland was often called upon to serve as a presiding officer. For some years he was president of the American Social Science Association and thereafter was vice-president and chairman of its jurisprudence department (1876 - 1902). He was president of the board of directors of the Connecticut State Prison for fourteen years, and for a time of the Connecticut Prison Aid Association; he also served as chairman of the executive committee of the National Prison Congress. He was president of the board of visitors to the United States Military Academy in 1874, vice-president of the board of visitors to the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1880, and trustee (1873 - 88) and thereafter fellow of Brown University. For twenty-five years he was president of the Organized Charities of New Haven. He was interested in criminology and in prison reform and spoke and wrote much on these subjects. In politics he was an active Republican.
Achievements
His publications include A Memoir of the Life and Labors of Francis Wayland, DD. , LL. D. , written in collaboration with his brother H. L. Wayland; On Certain Defects in Our Method of Making Laws, presidential address at the meeting of the American Social Science Association, September 5, 1881; Out-door Relief and Tramps (1877); The Pardoning Power: Where Should It Be Lodged and How Should It Be Exercised? (1884); On Certain Anomalies in Criminal Jurisprudence (1885); "Some of the Causes Which Tend to Promote the Increase of Crime in the United States, " in Proceedings of the Annual Congress of the National Prison Association . December 3-7, 1892 (1893); and other addresses and pamphlets.