Background
Frank Hall Knowlton was born on September 02, 1860 on a farm at Brandon, Vermont, United States, the son of Julius Augustus Knowlton and his wife, Mary Ellen Blackmer, of old New England lineage.
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Excerpt from The Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone National Park The trees were entombed in the upright position in which they grew, by the outpouring of various volcanic materials, and as the softer rock surrounding them is gradually worn away they are left standing erect on the steep hillsides, just as they stood when they were living; in fact, it is difficult at a little distance to distinguish some of these. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Excerpt from The Jurassic Flora of Cape Lisburne, Alaska As already indicated, the Corwin formation reaches the enormous thickness of over feet and contains forty to fifty coal beds which range in thickness from 1 or 2 to over 30 feet, ten being over 4 feet thick and suitable for mining, the whole aggregating at least. 150 feet. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Excerpt from Flora of the Montana Formation It was not ...)
Excerpt from Flora of the Montana Formation It was not possible, in the limited time at our disposal, to attempt i trace the connection between this locality and the one just discusse: and it is doubtful if it can be done, for the exposures are extreme. Limited and the country much obscured by overlying material. The is every reason to suppose, however, that the two localities are near if not quite in the same horizon, aview which finds support in the fa that at least two of the species of plants are common to both. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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Frank Hall Knowlton was born on September 02, 1860 on a farm at Brandon, Vermont, United States, the son of Julius Augustus Knowlton and his wife, Mary Ellen Blackmer, of old New England lineage.
Frank was sent to Middlebury College where Ezra Brainerd and Henry Martin Seeley taught all sciences and gave a permanent direction to his interest in natural history. He graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Science in 1884. In 1896 George University conferred on him the Doctor of Philosophy degree.
About 1884 Knowlton joined the United States National Museum, where he became assistant to Lester F. Ward, the paleontologist. In 1887 he was made assistant curator in botany and assistant paleontologist in 1889. In 1900 he was appointed paleontologist and later (1907) geologist on the United States Geological Survey. In 1889 he published "The Fossil Wood and Lignites of the Potomac Formation". Other papers followed, including "A Review of the Fossil Flora of Alaska". To satisfy a practical need he compiled A Catalogue of the Cretaceous and Tertiary Plants of North America which was published in 1898 and was later (1919) expanded into an invaluable reference book, A Catalogue of the Mesozoic and Cenozoic Plants of North America. As he acquired experience an ever increasing series of memoirs and special papers on the Cretaceous and Tertiary floras flowed from his pen, dealing for the most part with the Rocky Mountain region, interior Oregon, and Alaska. In all such monographs as the Flora of the Montana Formation (1900), Fossil Flora of the John Day Basin (1902), and on down to the Fossil Floras of the Vermejo and Raton Formations of Colorado and New Mexico (1918), many new species, based almost entirely on leaf impressions, were described.
One of the pioneers in his field, he made little effort to homologize material; specimens from different horizons were described as distinct species, often indeed as distinct when from the same horizon if the impressions seemed unlike. It was probable that his species would suffer much reduction by the paleobotanist with the viewpoint perhaps of ecologic assemblages. Nevertheless Knowlton possessed a keen chronologic sense and through his determinations of the age of formations and their stratigraphic relations rendered important service to Western geology.
Knowlton was one of the founders of the Paleontological Society of America and in 1917 he read a paper on the "Relations between the Mesozoic Floras of North and South America". He held that no demonstrable relationship exists between the Jurassic and Triassic floras of North and South America, but that there is direct and positive evidence of a relationship between the Upper Cretaceous floras of the two continents, the Dakota flora of the central and western United States having spread south by a land bridge as far as Argentina in Upper Cretaceous time.
Ideas upon the geologic climates which had been long stirring in his mind found full expression in a paper, "Evolution of Geologic Climates", in which he held that previous to the Pleistocene epoch the earth was continuously enveloped by clouds, and that the oceans, permanently cooled in the Pleistocene, were warm from pole to pole, and that this high temperature was derived from the earth's inner heat and not from solar radiation which dominates existing climatic distribution. He believed that a relative uniformity and mildness of temperature, accompanied by high humidity, had prevailed over the greater part of the earth, extending to the polar circles--since, at least, the Middle Paleozoic. Knowlton admitted glaciation, but with the exception of three periods (Huronian, Permo-Carboniferous and Pleistocene) regarded these refrigerations as local and without widespread effect on temperature or the distribution of life. His thesis, while adversely criticized by A. P. Coleman, C. Schuchert, and G. R. Wieland, was acknowledged as entitled to serious consideration.
During his early years in Washington, 1887-1896, he was professor of botany in the Columbian (now George Washington) University. He gave much time and energy to writing that could be appreciated by laymen. In 1897 he founded Plant World, a popular journal of botany, and was its editor until 1904; in 1909 he published a large and popular but authoritative work, Birds of the World, and in 1927 an excellent popular book, Plants of the Past. He took part in writing the definitions in botany for the Century Dictionary, for the 1900 edition of Webster's Dictionary, and for the Standard Dictionary; and he wrote the botanical matter for the Jewish Encyclopaedia.
For many years he lived in Laurel, Maryland, but his last years were spent in Ballston, Virginia, where he died.
Frank Hall Knowlton was known for his studies and publications on fossil flora in the John Day basin in Oregon, the Denver basin in Colorado, and in Yellowstone National Park. He published more than 200 papers and many books. His most important publication was a beautifully illustrated "Birds of the World" (1909). He was also noted for the foundation of the Paleontological Society of America and the journal "The Plant World".
(Excerpt from The Fossil Forests of the Yellowstone Nation...)
(Excerpt from The Jurassic Flora of Cape Lisburne, Alaska ...)
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Knowlton was a member and a president of Paleontological Society of America.
Knowlton was married, on September 27, 1887, to Annie Stirling Moorehead. She died in 1890 and on October 3, 1893, he was married to Rena Genevieve Ruff.