Background
Kušal was born into a family of Roman Catholic Belarusian peasants near Valozhyn.
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Franz Kushel
Edit ProfileEducation
He graduated from an infantry military school in Vilnia in 1916 and was sent to the Western Front. After the Polish-Bolshevik War, he joined the Polish army and graduated from an officer school in 1922.
Career
After the outbreak of World War I, Kušal was drafted into the Russian army. After the October Revolution he joined the Belarusian national movement that demanded the establishment of an independent or autonomous Belarusian republic. In 1919, he was arrested by Polish authorities for Belarusian pro-independence activism.
In 1919-1921 Kušal was Deputy Head of the Belarusian Military Commission, a body organising Belarusian national military units within the Polish army.
During the 1920s and 1930s he was director and lecturer at various military schools. After the Soviet attack on Poland, in 1939, Kušal was commander of a Polish battalion that fought the German army near Lviv.
He was imprisoned and placed in a concentration camp near Starobilsk and then in Butyrka prison in Moscow. After the German invasion of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, Kušal worked as director of a training school for the Belarusian Auxiliary Police, then worked at various leading positions of the local Belarusian self-defence and police units and organising training for Belarusian officers.
Since March 1944, he was head of the Belarusian Home Defence (BKA) - a 25 thousand to 50 thousand men strong Belarusian army, for the creation of which the Belarusians have received German approval at the final stage of the war.
After the withdrawal of Germans from Belarus, Kušal and his units left the country too. The Belarusian units were reorganized into units of the Waffen Steamship In April 1945, Kušal and his units surrendered to the Americans in Bavaria. As a Polish citizen before 1939, Kušal was not handed over to the Soviets after end of war in 1945.
In 1950, Kušal emigrated to the United States of America. In exile, he was an active leader of the Belarusian American community and Belarusian political organisations.
Achievements
Politics
In early 1941 he was set free and sent to Bielastok, then part of the Belarusian Soviet Socialist Republic.
Membership
In 1943, Kušal became member of the Belarusian Central Rada, responsible for military issues. Kušal"s wife, Natallia Arsiennieva, of Russian descent, was an notable Belarusian poet and member of the Belarusian national movement.
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Born
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Died
March 25, 1969 (aged 74) -
Nationality
Poland Belarusian