(Excerpt from Our Changing Morality: A Symposium The subj...)
Excerpt from Our Changing Morality: A Symposium The subject of sex'has been treated in this generation with a strange, rather panic-stricken lack of balance. Obscenity hawks its old Wares atone end of the road and dogmatic'piety shouts warnings at the other - while between is chaos. And the chaos extends beyond ideas and talk, beyond novels and scenarios and Sunday feature stories, into the realm of actual conduct. Re ligion has indeed found substantial matter for its words of caution and disapproval: never in recent generations have human beings so floun dered about outside the ropes 'oi social and te ligious sanctions. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Eighty-Fifth Anniversary Number. Contributing Authors Inc...)
Eighty-Fifth Anniversary Number. Contributing Authors Include Harold Isaacs, Owen Lattimore, James P. Warburg, Bromley Oxnam, And Many Others.
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Freda Kirchwey was born Mary Frederika Kirchwey on September 26, 1893 in Lake Placid, New York, United States. She was one of four children of George Washington Kirchwey, a law professor and criminologist, and Dora Child Wendell, a high school English teacher. Her early years were influenced by an extended family that at various times included her paternal grandparents, paternal aunts, and her maternal grandmother.
Kirchwey received an excellent formal education at the Horace Mann schools in New York City and at Barnard College, from which she graduated in 1915 with a major in history. She credited much of her education to dinner table conversations with her highly educated family and to participation in the progressive reforms of her day. She joined the picket line of a shirt-waist factory workers' strike; she worked for woman suffrage. She learned best by firsthand experiences, and she made sense of her world by writing about it as early as high school and college. At Barnard she wrote editorials to get sororities (then called fraternities) abolished because of their discriminatory nature; she prevailed.
Freda's first paid position in journalism was writing for a sporting newspaper, The Morning Telegraph (1915 - 1916), where she continued using words to advocate her liberal causes. In this case, she manipulated her assignments to cover news for the society page into clever stories advocating woman suffrage. For several months in 1918 she was an editorial assistant on Every Week, a literary magazine, until its demise in June, and then she spent two months with the New York Tribune. In August of that year, Kirchwey applied for an opening on the Nation, asking managing editor, Henry R. Mussey, her former economics professor, to recommend her. She wrote, "If you think I'm the man for the job, will you put in a word for me?" She jointed the staff of the newly reorganized crusading journal under the editorship of Oswald Garrison Villard. In 1918 she began her lifelong career on the Nation, one of the oldest American political journals. She was hired to read, clip, and file articles for the journal's International Relations Section (IRS). Soon she wrote pieces for this section, and in June 1919 she was promoted to editor of the IRS.
Kirchwey read all that she could to understand the changing world, and she talked to people whom she respected to expand her knowledge. During those formative years of building an expertise in international affairs, Kirchwey came to know and respect Chaim Weizmann and his support of Zionism. This early and continuing friendship profoundly influenced her positions later in her life. Kirchwey influenced the journal's policies as she advanced into increasing positions of authority on the Nation, becoming the managing editor in 1922, literary editor in 1928, and executive editor of a board of four in 1933.
By 1937, she owned, edited, and published the journal. In 1943, to offset difficult financial times, Kirchwey transferred ownership of the Nation into a nonprofit organization called Nation Associates. She remained president of Nation Associates, and editor and publisher of the Nation, until her retirement in 1955. Kirchwey's writings touched on many important themes in social and political history. In the 1920's she was particularly interested in changing mores and relationships between men and women. She used her journal to explore these issues, soliciting articles for a series titled "New Morals for Old. " Such diverse writers as Charlotte Perkins Gilman, Joseph Wood Krutch, H. L. Mencken, and Beatrice Hinkle contributed to the series, which Kirchwey later edited into the book Our Changing Morality (1924). In another series, "These Modern Women, " (1926 - 1927) in the Nation, she asked a number of prominent women (whose identities were not disclosed) to share their points of view on men, marriage, children, and jobs. She showed her reliance on psychology, the science of the 1920's, by having the life stories of these women analyzed in the Nation by a neurologist, a behaviorist psychologist, and a Jungian psychoanalyst.
Kirchwey later changed her focus from domestic issues and those having to do with women to international affairs. In part this was due to the rise of international fascism. During the 1930's, 1940's, and 1950's, Kirchwey focused the Nation's coverage on problems arising from the Great Depression and the spread of fascism. She filled the Nation with details of the horrors in Nazi Germany and fascist Spain. She began to call herself a "militant liberal" and insisted that the Nation, which had been a pacifist journal, begin to advocate collective security, and, eventually, war. She pressed for homes for refugees from fascism, and specifically a national homeland for the Jews.
When the United States declared war, Kirchwey gave a voice to those leaders ousted from power by fascists in their countries by publishing their views in a new "Political War" section of the Nation. She wrote about the devastating effects of the atomic bomb in Hiroshima and Nagasaki and held a public forum to contemplate the terrible results of this new technology and the need for public control and peaceful uses of atomic power. She published the results of that forum in the book The Atomic Era: Can It Bring Peace and Abundance? (1950).
After she retired from the Nation in 1955, Kirchwey continued to write about and work for issues that mattered to her. She wrote articles for the Gazette and Daily of York, Pennsylvania, and was the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom's delegate to the United Nations. She continued her long-term commitment to restoring democratic rule to Spain by work on the Committee for a Democratic Spain.
(Excerpt from Our Changing Morality: A Symposium The subj...)
(Eighty-Fifth Anniversary Number. Contributing Authors Inc...)
Kirchwey supported Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal programme.
During World War II Freda advocated a homeland for the Jews, oppoised fascist regimes in Europe and fought against censorship and for civil liberties. She was a strong supporter of women's rights.
Quotations: "The women's revolution may mark the first half of this century more deeply than any other social change. The emotional conflicts that confront the modern woman, the profound choices that are forced upon her, the subtle interactions in home life, in the relations of the sexes, in factory and office are here discussed lightly yet with informed wisdom. I look forward to a future when women shall have found their sea legs and the impressive activities of the advancing women of today will seem like the earnest and awkward yet somehow promising movements of a land lubber on his first day out. "
Kirchwey was active in the League of Women Voters and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.
Quotes from others about the person
"I wish to say that she was one of the best and most likable journalists with whom I ever worked. I am tempted to call her the best woman journalist I ever encountered, but hesitate to rank her ahead of Dorothy Thompson, who was a better writer. But she was among the superior women journalists of her time. "- Raymond Gram Swing
Kirchwey married Evans Clark in a civil ceremony on November 09, 1915, keeping her maiden name. The Kirchwey-Clarks had three sons, two of whom died in childhood. In 1920s she and Evans were experiencing marital difficulties. Early in 1930, when their son Jeffrey became very ill, they called a marital truce. Kirchwey took a leave of absence to try to nurse Jeffrey back to health, but to no avail. After his death she took almost three years off before coming back to work full-time. Her husband died in 1970.
