Frederick Delius was an English composer, one of the most distinctive figures in the revival of English music at the end of the 19th century.
Background
Delius was born in 1862, in Bradford,Yorkshire. He was the second of four sons (there were also ten daughters) born to Julius Delius (1822–1901) and his wife Elise Pauline, née Krönig (1838–1929). Delius's parents were born in Bielefeld, Westphalia, of Dutch origin, the family had for some generations been settled in German lands near the Rhine.
Education
After attending Bradford Grammar School (1874-8), Frederick Delius spent two years studying at the International College near London. From 1886 to 1888 he studied in Leipzig, where his suite Florida (1887) was first performed.
Career
Delius worked at his father’s firm, he went in 1884 to Florida, U.S., as an orange planter and devoted his spare time to musical study. In 1886 he left Florida for Leipzig and there underwent a more or less regular musical training and became a friend of the Norwegian composer, Edvard Grieg. Two years later he went to live in Paris, and from 1897 he made his home at Grez-sur-Loing (Seine-et-Marne), near Paris, with the painter Jelka Rosen, whom he married in 1903. Some songs, an orchestral suite (Florida), and an opera (Irmelin) were all written before he had work published, that being Legend for violin and orchestra (1893). These were followed by more ambitious works that aroused considerable interest, especially in Germany, during the first decade of the 20th century. Three of his six operas (Koanga, 1895–97, A Village Romeo and Juliet, 1900–01 and Fennimore and Gerda, 1908–10) and several of his larger choral and orchestral works (Appalachia, 1902, Sea Drift, 1903, Paris: the Song of a Great City, 1899) were first heard in Germany. Later his reputation spread to England, mainly through the persuasive advocacy of Sir Thomas Beecham, who was his finest interpreter.
Even after he was stricken blind and paralyzed in his early 60s, Delius continued to compose, working with an amanuensis, Eric Fenby. Other major works include A Mass of Life (1904–05) and a Requiem (1914–16), both to texts by Friedrich Nietzsche; Brigg Fair (1907) for orchestra, four concerti for various instruments, three sonatas for violin and piano and many smaller orchestral pieces and songs. He was created a Companion of Honour in 1929.