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(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
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Gillett was born on October 16, 1851 in Westfield, Massachusetts, the eldest son of Edward Bates and Lucy Douglas (Fowler) Gillett, and a descendant of Cornelius Gillett, who emigrated from England to Dorchester, Massachussets, in 1635 and the following year settled in Windsor, Connecticut. Both Frederick's father and grandfather were lawyers.
After graduating from the Westfield Academy Gillett spent a year in travel and study in Europe, and then entered Amherst College, where he was graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1874. Three years later he finished the course at the Harvard Law School and was admitted to the bar.
From 1879 to 1882 Gillett was assistant attorney general of Massachusetts. The first elective office that he held was as a member of the Springfield, Massachussets, common council in 1890. That same year he was sent to the lower branch of the Massachusetts General Court. Re-elected in 1891, he was made chairman of the judiciary committee and floor leader. In 1892 Gillett won from a strong Democratic opponent the congressional seat for the 2nd Massachusetts district, which was to honor him with sixteen successive elections. Not till three days before the end of his first session did he rise to address the House. The debate was on a Southern member's bill to repeal all statutes relating to federal supervision of elections by special deputy marshals. Gillett boldly championed the freedman's civil rights in the South and scathingly denounced Tammany Hall's practices in Northern elections. Angered New York Democrats tried to heckle him, but failed to disturb his self-possession. When he ended, a long cue of Republicans, headed by Nelson Dingley and former Speaker Reed, came down the aisle to congratulate him. From that hour he was recognized as a man marked for high advancement. Throughout his thirty-two years of service in the House, Gillett's committee assignments grew in importance: among them were the committees on reform of the civil service, the judiciary, military affairs, and appropriations. In his early years, when "old-guard" Republicans, opposed to the merit system, sought to starve it out, their purpose was defeated by the cordial collaboration of Gillett, chairman of the House committee on the civil service, 1900-1911, and Theodore Roosevelt, member of the Civil Service Commission. From 1902 to 1918 Gillett served on the appropriations committee. His speeches as ranking minority member were at times severely critical of the majority's measures, but they were candid and constructive in spirit. Aghast at the appalling waste that he saw resulting from appropriation bills based on slipshod calculations, he labored incessantly, in committee, on the floor, and as speaker, for the establishment of a bureau of the budget. Ultimately success was attained by the passage of the Budget Act in 1921. Close observers considered Gillett's share in this struggle as his greatest contribution to American government. In 1919, when the Republicans reorganized the House, they placed Gillett in the speaker's chair. His conception of the speakership was very different from that of his immediate predecessors, and Democrats vied with Republicans in tribute to the fidelity with which he adhered to that pledge. In his decisions he never surrendered to expediency and in his six years of service. His farewell to the House, March 4, 1925, is an address of historic significance, for after thirty-two years of continuous membership in that body, he set forth his deliberate appraisal of what Congress had meant to the people of the United States. Believing that Gillett would be the strongest candidate for the Senate that the Republicans could present in 1924, President Coolidge and other party leaders had insistently urged him to accept the nomination as a duty, and to that appeal he had loyally yielded. In the Senate, however, he found the atmosphere far less congenial than in the House. He took a lively interest in the controversy over the World Court and early gave earnest support to the President's efforts to secure the Senate's ratification of "adhesion" thereto. Later, he introduced a resolution of his own, intended to secure a further exchange of views with the signatory powers to establish whether the difference between them and the United States could be satisfactorily adjusted. It aroused considerable interest and approval. The committee on foreign relations made no formal report, but in debate, however, its disapproval was expressed by Chairman William E. Borah, and no further action was taken. Gillett adhered to an early announced determination not to stand for re-election to the Senate. In his eightieth year, he wished leisure and the opportunity to write the life of Senator George F. Hoar, a task for which he was eminently fitted, since for twelve years the legislative service of these two men in Washington had overlapped. Much of the writing of the book was done in the famous library of Hoar's former residence in Worcester, Massachussets, where most of his papers were available. After the publication of the book - George Frisbie Hoar (1934) - Gillett set about writing his own reminiscences, but little progress on the task had been made when it was ended by his death on July 31, 1935.
(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
On November 25, 1915, Gillett married Christine (Rice) Hoar, widow of former Representative Rockwood Hoar, and their home became one of the social centers of the capital.
