(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections
such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact,
or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections,
have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works
worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.
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The below data was compiled from various identification fields in the bibliographic record of this title. This data is provided as an additional tool in helping to ensure edition identification:
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Joseph Pennell: Etcher, Illustrator, Author
Frederick Paul Keppel
Keppel, 1907
Art; Prints; Art / Prints; Etchers, American
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About the Book
The Americas were settled by people migr...)
About the Book
The Americas were settled by people migrating from Asia at the height of an Ice Age 15,000 years ago. There was no contact with Europeans until Vikings appeared briefly in the 10th century, and the voyages of Christopher Columbus from 1492. America's Indigenous peoples were the Paleo-Indians, who were initially hunter-gatherers. Post 1492, Spanish, Portuguese and later English, French and Dutch colonialists arrived, conquering and settling the discovered lands over three centuries, from the early 16th to the early 19th centuries. The United States achieved independence from England in 1776, while Brazil and the larger Hispanic American nations declared independence in the 19th century. Canada became a federal dominion in 1867.
Also in this Book
United States history began with the migrations of Indigenous people prior to 15,000 BC. Christopher Columbus's 1492 expedition enabled European colonization, with most colonies formed after 1600. By the 1770s, 13 British colonies held 2.5 million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachians. The British government imposed new taxes after 1765 and would not agree to the colonists having a say in their determination. The American War of Independence, 1775–1783, ensued, resulting in independence, and another war was declared against Britain in 1812. The next 50 years saw the expansion of American states and territories through the west, however growth was curtailed by the costly American Civil War, which broke out in 1861 over the Confederate States' wish to continue the practice of slavery, and the Union's wish to preserve the union. By 1865 some 620,000 people died, making it the most costly in US history. Alaska was purchased from Russia in 1867. The next decades up to World War 1 saw large migrations from Europe and massive growth in the US economy. The US had a short but decisive influence on World War 1, suffered during the Great Depression, and had an even greater decisive influence on the outcome of World War 2. The US then engaged in a Cold War with its military and ideological adversary, the USSR, which disintegrated in 1991. Over the 20th century the US was not just a dynamo of technological advancement, but also contributed greatly to world growth.
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(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
This book was originally published prior to 1923, and represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. While some publishers have opted to apply OCR (optical character recognition) technology to the process, we believe this leads to sub-optimal results (frequent typographical errors, strange characters and confusing formatting) and does not adequately preserve the historical character of the original artifact. We believe this work is culturally important in its original archival form. While we strive to adequately clean and digitally enhance the original work, there are occasionally instances where imperfections such as blurred or missing pages, poor pictures or errant marks may have been introduced due to either the quality of the original work or the scanning process itself. Despite these occasional imperfections, we have brought it back into print as part of our ongoing global book preservation commitment, providing customers with access to the best possible historical reprints. We appreciate your understanding of these occasional imperfections, and sincerely hope you enjoy seeing the book in a format as close as possible to that intended by the original publisher.
Frederick Paul Keppel was an American educator, philanthropist, and foundation executive. He served as Dean of Columbia College from 1910 to 1918 and President of the Carnegie Corporation of New York from 1922 to 1941.
Background
Frederick Paul Keppel was born on July 2, 1875 at Staten Island, New York, United States, the first of two sons of Frederick and Frances Matilda (Vickery) Keppel. Both parents were natives of Ireland. His father came of an English Methodist family of Dutch extraction that had emigrated to Canada; moving to Utica, New York, and then to New York City, he became an art dealer, specializing in prints and engravings. Young Frederick grew up in a happy upper-middle-class family in Yonkers, New York.
Education
Keppel attended public schools in Yonkers, New York. Since his father wished his sons to have some business experience before college, he worked for two years, after high school, in the stock room of the family firm. He entered Columbia University in 1894; an excellent student, involved in a wide variety of college activities, he received the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1898. Later he earned honorary degrees from ten universities, including Columbia, Harvard, and St. Andrews (Scotland).
Career
Keppel's literary and philosophical bent led him to an editorial position with the publishing firm of Harper & Brothers. Within two years, however, he was called back to Columbia University as assistant secretary (1900 - 1902) and then secretary (1902 - 1910). In 1910 he became dean of Columbia College, at thirty-five the youngest ever named. Though he succeeded the legendary "Van Am"--John Howard Van Amringe --Keppel quickly left his mark on Columbia. His constant desire was to maintain a small college atmosphere in which a student's particular problems could be dealt with sympathetically and his individual potential fulfilled. His "open door" policy of ready accessibility became known throughout the university and won the warm regard of the students.
When the United States entered World War I, Keppel took a leave of absence from Columbia to become a confidential clerk to Secretary of War Newton D. Baker. Within a year he was promoted to the newly created post of Third Assistant Secretary of War "in charge of all nonmilitary matters concerning the lives of soldiers, " a post in which he demonstrated a humane efficiency. On the termination of hostilities Keppel became vice-chairman and director of foreign relations for the American Red Cross (1919 - 1920), and then the American delegate to the International Chamber of Commerce, with offices in Paris.
In December 1922, soon after his return, he was appointed president of the Carnegie Corporation of New York, a foundation established in 1911 by Andrew Carnegie for the "advancement and diffusion of knowledge" and, until 1919, personally directed by Carnegie. F. P. K. , as Keppel became known within the Corporation, was superbly fitted by temperament and experience to guide its formative independent years. His strong sense of duty and his deep interest in people meant that he gave personal consideration to the many requests for aid that flowed in, receiving them with sympathetic friendliness yet able to form a quick intuitional judgment. His role, however, was never wholly passive. He believed that the Corporation should itself take the initiative in discovering new outlets for philanthropy. Imagination and creativity were his goals. Wary of bureaucratic rigidity, he placed great reliance on frequent consultation with outside groups, such as learned societies and professional organizations; and he maintained the Corporation's flexibility by avoiding long-term commitments and courageously halting grants when careful audits suggested diminishing returns. A longtime opponent of overspecialization in foundation giving, Keppel preferred to spread the resources widely and to encourage the unorthodox dissenter. At times this policy was wasteful, and it was often difficult to justify publicly; but occasionally it was dramatically successful.
Among Keppel's "hunches" were grants which led to the discovery of insulin and to the writing of Gunnar Myrdal's report on the American Negro. Certain areas of Carnegie Corporation giving reflected Keppel's personal interests. His basic hope was to foster "general education, " by which he meant a process of learning which continued throughout life. The most daring expression of this impulse was his encouragement of the adult education movement. After an initial conference in 1924, the Carnegie Corporation was able to launch, two years later, the American Association for Adult Education, and through this new organization it channeled annual grants for studies and demonstrations. An equally novel field of philanthropic activity was the Corporation's encouragement of the fine arts. Doubtless influenced by his father, and aware of the growing importance of leisure in American life, Keppel was less concerned with training professional artists than in arousing a new appreciation of art among the general public through the sponsorship of exhibitions and museum art classes.
Finally, Keppel fostered general education through the Corporation's continued interest in improving the quality and usefulness of American libraries. He was never oblivious of the social dangers in philanthropic giving. He sympathized with fears that the foundation might autocratically come to control learning and direct opinion, and he viewed the private endowment as a public trust whose officers were responsible to society. Since he believed that public confidence could only be based on public knowledge, he published annual reports which were noted for their lucid, searching commentaries. In addition, a steady stream of perceptive articles and books flowed from his pen. Two books, The Foundation: Its Place in American Life (1930) and Philanthropy and Learning (1936), were trail-blazing essays on the role of philanthropy in America.
Keppel retired as president of the Carnegie Corporation in October 1941, but continued as a consultant, and again served the government, first as a member of the President's Committee on War Relief Agencies and then as a member of the State Department's Board of Appeals on Visa Cases. The latter had been set up to deal with the large number of refugees seeking to enter this country from a war-torn Europe. While returning to New York from a meeting of this board in Washington, he suffered a heart attack and died later the same day in New York City.
Achievements
During his term in Columbia College, Keppel was instrumental in creating a student advisory system; he successfully urged the appointment of a university physician; he encouraged student self-government; and he made continual efforts to recruit faculty who would be vital, enthusiastic, and approachable. Under his leadership, Carnegie Corporation donated about $86, 000, 000 to universities, colleges, museums, libraries, and scientific and educational studies. He established a special program of fellowships which financed the graduate training of nearly all the generation's outstanding teachers and was largely responsible for the creation of the University of Chicago Graduate Library School.
In 1911 he was decorated by France as Chevalier (Knight) of the Order of the Legion of Honor.
Keppel was a member of a number of clubs. His favorite was the Century Association in New York. He was also the vice-president of the American Philosophical Society.
Interests
Keppel enjoyed fishing, swimming and planting the trees to create pleasant vistas.
Connections
Keppel married, on January 31, 1906, Helen Tracy Brown, of New York City. They had five sons: Frederick Paul, Charles Tracy, David, Gordon, and Francis. The family was settled at Bally Vale, an attractive country home at Montrose, New York.