He studied theology and philology at Halle, was a tutor in the family of Wilhelm von Humboldt from 1801 to 1803, and then for nine years lived with Goethe as his literary assistant and his son"s tutor.
He worked in the households of Wilhelm von Humboldt and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. In 1812, he became professor at the Weimar gymnasium. From 1814 to 1820 he was assistant librarian, and from 1837 to his death he was librarian-in-chief at Weimar.