Education
1922 graduate Maly Theater School (studied under North. A. Smirnova and V. North. Pashennaya).
1922 graduate Maly Theater School (studied under North. A. Smirnova and V. North. Pashennaya).
During his high-school and student years performed in amateur plays, studied at Polenov People's House and wrote one-act plays. From 1922 stage director, Maly Theater. Worked as stage director, and from 1925 head, Theater Studio, Maly Theater (from 1932 New Theater, 1936-1943 Moscow Drama Theater).
Stage director at Music Hall, Moscow State Jewish Theater and Moscow Drama Theater. From 1925 instructor at Maly Theater Studio, State Institute of Stagecraft Theater College of State Jewish Theater and Moscow Conservatory. Professor from 1949; wrote articles and booklets on amateur stage directing and producing plays on a small stage, et cetera