Background
Gabriel Manigault the only son of Pierre Manigault by his first wife Judith (Giton) Royer. He was born on April 21, 1704, at Charlestown.
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Gabriel Manigault the only son of Pierre Manigault by his first wife Judith (Giton) Royer. He was born on April 21, 1704, at Charlestown.
Manigault was about twenty-five years old when his father died and had for some time been associated in the well-established trade carried on with the West Indies, England, and France. In the diary that his wife kept from 1754 to 1781, was reflected the social life of the times, the rising prosperity of the colony, and the extensive hospitality of the Manigaults, who entertained all visitors of note, the governors, the members of the council, and other local gentry.
At a time when rice was the leading staple and indigo a profitable crop, the slave trade offered increasingly large returns, but dealing in slaves did not form an important part of Gabriel Manigault's business. He invested his profits in plantations and in slaves to work them. When the British Parliament undertook to investigate the condition of slaves, the situation on his plantations was cited in defense of slavery since it could be shown that in 38 years the number had increased from 86 to 270 with the addition by a purchase of only 12 or 14 slaves.
By 1754, he had become the wealthiest merchant in the province. He retired from the active management of his commercial business in order to attend particularly to his rice and indigo plantation, "Silk Hope, " which he had bought from the heirs of Gov. Robert Johnson. He entered public life as a member of the Commons House of Assembly.
In 1735, he succeeded Alexander Parris as public treasurer and continued in office until 1743. He labored diligently to reduce to order the confused accounts of the unfortunate expedition of 1740 against St. Augustine.
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Interested in helping poor French-Protestant immigrants to South Carolina, Manigault advanced £3, 500 for that purpose. He was one of the leaders in the Revolutionary movement. During the war he lent the equivalent of $220, 000 to the province, most of which was lost since the amount was repaid by the state in the form of indents on which only about $44, 000 was realized.
Too old to go into the army he did, however, offer his services, along with those of his grandson, Joseph, then a youth of fifteen and later the father of Arthur Middleton Manigault, to defend the city of Charlestown against the attack of General Prevost in 1779. Two years later, he was buried in the French churchyard. His wife died the next year and their only child, Peter Manigault, already lay buried in the family tomb. He left, chiefly to his grandchildren, a very large estate, including 43, 532 acres of land. Among his bequests was one of £5, 000 sterling to the South Carolina Society, the interest of which was used to educate a number of children.
On April 29, 1730, Manigault married Ann Ashby, the daughter of John Ashby, a cassique of Carolina, and of Constantia (Broughton) Ashby, a sister of Thomas Broughton, at one time governor of South Carolina, thus forming an important social and political connection.