Background
Gaspard Monge was born on May 9, 1746, at Beaune, France. He was of humble parentage but given an excellent schooling.
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Seances Des Ecoles Normales, Volume 1 - Primary Source Edition (French Edition)
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An Elementary Treatise On Descriptive Geometry, With a Theory of Shadows and of Perspective: Extr. By B. Brisson. Tr.. to Which Is Added, a ... by J.F. Heather. With Atlas of Plates
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Gaspard Monge
Edit ProfileEducation
He was educated at the college of the Oratorians at Beaune. In 1762 he went to the Collège de la Trinité at Lyon, where, one year after he had begun studying, he was made a teacher of physics at the age of just seventeen.
Career
Monge was appointed in 1764 as draftsman at the École Royale du Génie at Mézières. Shortly thereafter, when called upon to solve problems of defilading in military fortifications, he conceived a new type of projective geometry, later called descriptive geometry. The advantages of this invention were immediately appreciated and won him rapid promotion to a professorship of mathematics in 1769 and of physics in 1770.
The Paris Academy of Sciences elected him a resident member in 1780 after receiving a number of impressive papers on higher mathematics. Monge then taught hydrodynamics in Paris and was named scientific examiner for the students of the naval officers' candidate school. An enthusiastic supporter of the French Revolution, he was Minister of the Navy for eight months and later effectively applied his scientific and administrative skills to the war effort.
From 1794 on, he was the guiding light of the new ÉcolePolytechnique, where he taught for more than a decade. Monge was sent on scientific missions to Italy and accompanied Napoleon to Egypt. The latter gave him numerous administrative responsibilities and rewarded him with a title, land grants, and many other favors. Monge's allegiance to Napoleon during the "Hundred Days" made him unpopular with the Restoration government, which stripped him of his honors and titles.
Achievements
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Monge's greatest contribution to science was the invention of descriptive geometry and its elaboration for use in solving engineering problems. He was also generally responsible for the revival of interest in the study of analytic and infinitesimal geometry in the late 18th century, paving the way for such mathematicians as Carl F. Gauss, Jacob Steiner, and Julius Plücker.
His contributions toward the integration of many partial differential equations and their expression in geometrical terms were particularly notable. Monge also made modest contributions in physics, chemistry, and technology. He has been credited with coining the word "caloric, " was among the first to synthesize water, and also dabbled in metallurgy.
Works
book
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An Elementary Treatise On Descriptive Geometry, With a Theory of Shadows and of Perspective: Extr. By B. Brisson. Tr.. to Which Is Added, a ... by J.F. Heather. With Atlas of Plates
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
-
Seances Des Ecoles Normales, Volume 1 - Primary Source Edition (French Edition)
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
-
An Elementary Treatise On Descriptive Geometry, With a Theory of Shadows and of Perspective: Extr. By B. Brisson. Tr.. to Which Is Added, a ... by J.F. Heather. With Atlas of Plates
Connections
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Born
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Died
July 28, 1818 (aged 72) -
Nationality
France