Background
Demid was born in 1900 in present day Ikh-Tamir, Arkhangai Province.
Demid was born in 1900 in present day Ikh-Tamir, Arkhangai Province.
From 1926 to 1929 he studied at the Red Army Cavalry School in Tver, returning to Mongolia in 1929 to take command of the Military Academy.
His death under suspicious circumstances in 1937 allowed his rival Khorloogiin Choibalsan to consolidate power and subsequently launch the Great Terror during which 30,000 to 35,000 Mongolians died. In 1921 he joined the Mongolian People"s Party and fought as a partisan during the Mongolian Revolution of 1921. After the revolution, Demid served in the Mongolian military and taught at Mongolia"s Military Academy.
By the time the government adopted the New Turn policy in 1932, Demid had become one of Mongolia"s most important and influential leaders.
Through the 1930s he held several important political and military posts including. President of the military council, minister of war, and second deputy chairman of the council of ministers.
Demid was a strong proponent of technological modernization of Mongolia"s military and under his command the military substantially increased stock of automobiles, trucks, planes and modern weapons. Demid was also known to be weary of the military"s excessive reliance on Soviet advisers but later advocated the stationing of Soviet troops in Mongolia in 1935.
In 1936 Choibalsan and Demid were appointed Marshals of the Armed Forces.
Demid died at Tayga Station (in northeastern Novosibirsk) on August 22, 1937 while on board the Transport-Siberian Railway en route to Moscow. His death, at the age of 37, was officially attributed to food poisoning but the timing and circumstances remain suspicious. Choibalsan, tapped by Josef Stalin and the People’s Commissariat of Internal Affairs to be the next leader of the Mongolian People"s Republic, had always resented Demid"s popularity and the death of his rival cleared the way for Choibalsan to accede to the dual role of sole Commander-in-Chief of the Mongolian military and minister of war, in addition to being minister of interior.
Within 24 hours Choibalsan issued Order 366 which declared that many in Mongolia “had fallen under the influence of Japanese spies and provocateurs.” A few days later Demid himself was posthumously declared the head of a counter-revolutionary organization and a Japanese spy.
In 1930 he was elected as member of the Presidium (or Political Bureau) of the Central Committee of the Mongolian People"s Revolutionary Party and named army commander-in-chief Demid was rehabilitated in June 1962 and restored as a member of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party .
