Buckley sold his shares to the McLean brothers in 1875. He represented the Town of Lyttelton electorate (1862–1866) and then the Waimate electorate until the abolition of provincial government (1866–1876). He held the offices of Deputy-Superintendent and Provincial Secretary.
Buckley was the president of the Bank of New Zealand for a short time in the late 1880s.
His revelations about the financial situation of the bank caused "a good deal of sensation". He left for Melbourne after his resignation from the bank, and he died in the Melbourne suburb of Brighton on 19 November 1895 after having been unwell for some time.
Buckleys Road in the Christchurch suburb of Linwood is named after him.
He was a member of the Canterbury Provincial Council. He was a member of the Executive Council for three periods: in November 1866, from August to October 1871, and from April 1875 to June 1876. He was a member of the New Zealand Legislative Council from 3 July 1871 to 19 August 1884 when he was disqualified for absence.
And 28 October 1884 to 9 September 1885 when he resigned.