In 1966 graduated as Doctor of Medicine from Varna Institute of Medicine (since 1991, named Medical University of Varna), Varna, Bulgaria. In 1983 obtained Doctor of Philosophy degree in Vascular Biology, "Ultrastructural and cytopharmacological study of aging in vascular smooth muscle cells, with special reference to their secretory function".
He published the first Bulgarian textbook of Cell Biology in 1996 and in 2005 founded the Bulgarian Society for Cell Biology. Since 2007, Chaldakov is Professor Emeritus at Medical University of Varna, Bulgaria. In the past 30 years Chaldakov was involved in an interdisciplinary research in the fields of vascular biology, adipobiology and neurobiology and is one of the pioneers establishing the novel concept of the secretory function/phenotype of the vascular smooth muscle cells and further delineating their role in atherogenesis.
Chaldakov developed a complex tripartite model of atherogenesis in which are involved smooth muscle cells, immune cells, and perivascular adipose tissue communicating through secreted factors (eg neurotrophins, adipokines, cytokines).
Concept of the secretory function/phenotype of the vascular smooth muscle cell, as related to atherogenesis. Tubulin/microtubule-targeted pharmacology for atherosclerosis.
Concept of the neurotrophins NGF and BDNF as metabotrophic factors (metabotrophins) in cardiometabolic biology/diseases. Conceptualize the protein secretory products of adipose tissue cells as adipokines, also focusing on perivascular adipose tissue.
Conceptualize studying adipose tissue-directed pharmacology as adipopharmacology.
In 2006 introduced the term Homo obesus and is actively involved in popularizing the need of healthy lifestyle and dietary restriction: millions of people suffer and die from starvation in ill-developed and poor countries while in Western world and Europe people get overweight and die as a result of strokes or heart infarctions.
