Denkschrift Uber Eine Reise Nach Nord-Mexiko, Verbunden Mit Der Expedition Des Obersten Donniphan, in Den Jahren 1846 Und 1847. (German Edition)
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Plantae Lindheimerianae: an enumeration of F. Lindheimer's collection of Texan plants, with remarks and descriptions of new species, etc. Volume pt.1-2
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(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
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George Engelmann, also known as Georg Engelmann, was a German-American botanist, pioneer meteorologist, and physician.
Background
George Engelmann was the eldest of the thirteen children of George Engelmann, a doctor of philosophy from the University of Halle, and Julia May, a teacher who came from an artistic family. He was born at Frankfurt-am-Main, where the Engelmanns had established a school for girls.
Education
A scholarship from the “Reformed Congregation” enabled him to enter the University of Heidelberg in 1827, where he was befriended by Alexander Braun and Karl Schimper. In the fall of 1828 in consequence of an uprising of students Engelmann was obliged to leave Heidelberg. The affair was harmless, but his “democratic tendencies” made it difficult for him at the University of Berlin where he remained but two years. Consequently he moved to the University of Wurzburg from which he received his M. D.
Career
In 1832 Engelmann went to Paris where he found congenial friends in Braun, Agassiz, Constadt, and others. In September of the same year he sailed for America, for the purpose of investing in the new country some money which had been entrusted to him by his uncle. He reached St. Louis on Febuary 20, 1833. For the next two years he lived on a farm in Illinois, twenty miles east of St. Louis, where he prospected, botanized, and scoured the country studying its plants, minerals, and rocks. After a journey through the Southwest he returned to St. Louis where he settled down in the practise of medicine in December 1835. He became probably the busiest practitioner in the city, with a host of devoted patients not only among the Germans, but among Americans and French as well. He was the first to use as Judge Endicott. Withdrawing in 1882 because of ill health, he spent eighteen months in Europe. On his return he accepted a nomination for governor, but was defeated in November 1884, by George D. Robinson. Congress created, March 3, 1885, a Board on Fortifications and Other Defenses, which came to be known as the Endicott Board of Fortifications. The work of this board in carrying out plans for the defense of cities on the Atlantic seaboard was long and laborious, and aroused very favorable comment. During his incumbency, the Apache Indians under Geronimo surrendered; many public buildings and monuments were erected; and the record and pension division of the surgeon general’s office was reorganized. He was severely but unjustly criticised because of his approval, May 26, 1887, of a proposal to return captured Confederate flags to the Southern states to whom they had originally belonged. Endicott, who had himself inherited money and whose wife had a large fortune, did not practise law after leaving the cabinet in 1889, but settled down in his fine old house on Essex Street, in Salem, where he had lived since 1864. Later he moved to Boston, where he maintained a residence on Marlboro St. He usually spent his summers in travel or on his estate in Danvers. He died in Boston, in his seventy-fifth year, of pneumonia, and was buried in Harmony Grove Cemetery, at Salem. Many honors came to him in the course of his career. He was president of the Harvard Alumni Association from 1888 to 1890, president of the Peabody Academy of Science in Salem, as well as trustee of the Peabody Education Fund. He was one of the original trustees of Groton School and was elected, April 4, 1864, as a resident member of the Massachusetts Historical Society. He was a member of the famous Saturday Club, in Boston, and often attended meetings. A patrician by birth and temperament, Endicott had a contempt for anything mean or degrading. He was an eloquent speaker, and delivered a brilliant oration in 1878 on the 250th anniversary of obstetrical forceps in this new region, and was among the very first to use quinine in malaria, especially in giving it in large doses “in the interval. ” While in his earlier years Engelmann was forced by necessity to give the major portion of his time to medicine, his herbarium and botanical library always adjoined his office. After a third trip to Europe in 1869, he returned to a new house, in which he had no office, kept no office hours, and saw only a few patients in his study. Thus he was allowed to indulge his various interests. His meteorological observations begun in 1836 were continued till the day before his death. He made studies on Taenia, the anatomy of the opossum, melanism in squirrels, and on Menobranchus. He also deserves credit for first calling attention to the adaptation of the Pronuba moth for accomplishing pollination of the Yuccas, as well as the valuable discovery of the immunity of the American grape to the Phylloxera. The study of plants was his greatest delight, however, and it is upon his monographic work on a series of difficult and little understood genera that his reputation must chiefly rest. In addition to the memorial volume of Botanical Works of the late George Engelmann Collected for Henry Shaw (1887), Engelmann left a mass of notes, drawings, and observations on plants of all kinds which constitute some sixty large volumes. Engelmann organized the St. Louis Academy of Science in 1856—the first of its kind to be established west of the Allcghanies. He was an earnest worker in the organization of a paper, called The Westland, the main purpose of which was to unite the pioneer settlers and to give information to those in Germany who contemplated emigrating. When it was discontinued a few years later, Engelmann lent his aid to a German daily. He was a member of thirty-three scientific societies at home and abroad. His long time associate Dr. Parry named a mountain peak for him, and many plant species as well as three plant genera commemorate his name.
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Politics
In February 1885, Grover Cleveland requested Endicott to meet him at Albany and there offered him a place in his cabinet as secretary of war. In this position, which he retained throughout Cleveland’s first administration, Endicott distinguished himself “by strict attention to duty and a keen interest in the army and its requirements" (Elihu Root, May 7, 1900).
Views
He later wrote, “I began in my fifteenth year to become greatly interested in plants.
He was a loyal friend and supporter of Harvard College, serving as Overseer (1875 - 85) and fellow of the corporation (1884 - 95).
Quotations:
His interest in botany cannot be credited to these men, however, for he later wrote, “I began in my fifteenth^ year to become greatly interested in plants.
Endicott distinguished himself “by strict attention to duty and a keen interest in the army and its requirements" (Elihu Root, May 7, 1900).
Membership
Congress created, Mar. 3, 1885, a Board on Fortifications and Other Defenses, which came to be known as the Endicott Board of Fortifications. The work of this board in carrying out plans for the defense of cities on the Atlantic seaboard was long and laborious, and aroused very favorable comment.
He was a loyal friend and supporter of Harvard College, serving as Overseer (1875 - 85) and fellow of the corporation (1884 - 95). He was president of the Harvard Alumni Association from 1888 to 1890, president of the Peabody Academy of Science in Salem, as well as trustee of the Peabody Education Fund. He was one of the original trustees of Groton School and was elected, Apr. 4, 1864, as a resident member of the Massachusetts Historical Society. He was a member of the famous Saturday Club, in Boston, and often attended meetings.
Personality
Rhodes has rightly characterized him as “an able, liberal, and high-minded man. ”
Connections
In 1840 he was able to return to Kreuznach, where his parents now lived, and where he married a cousin, Dorothea Horstmann, who had lived in the Engelmann family since she was eleven years old. George J. Engelmann was their son.