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About the Book The Americas were settled by people migrating from Asia at the height of an Ice Age 15,000 years ago. There was no contact with Europeans until Vikings appeared briefly in the 10th century, and the voyages of Christopher Columbus from 1492. America's Indigenous peoples were the Paleo-Indians, who were initially hunter-gatherers. Post 1492, Spanish, Portuguese and later English, French and Dutch colonialists arrived, conquering and settling the discovered lands over three centuries, from the early 16th to the early 19th centuries. The United States achieved independence from England in 1776, while Brazil and the larger Hispanic American nations declared independence in the 19th century. Canada became a federal dominion in 1867. Also in this Book United States history began with the migrations of Indigenous people prior to 15,000 BC. Christopher Columbus's 1492 expedition enabled European colonization, with most colonies formed after 1600. By the 1770s, 13 British colonies held 2.5 million people along the Atlantic coast east of the Appalachians. The British government imposed new taxes after 1765 and would not agree to the colonists having a say in their determination. The American War of Independence, 1775–1783, ensued, resulting in independence, and another war was declared against Britain in 1812. The next 50 years saw the expansion of American states and territories through the west, however growth was curtailed by the costly American Civil War, which broke out in 1861 over the Confederate States' wish to continue the practice of slavery, and the Union's wish to preserve the union. By 1865 some 620,000 people died, making it the most costly in US history. Alaska was purchased from Russia in 1867. The next decades up to World War 1 saw large migrations from Europe and massive growth in the US economy. The US had a short but decisive influence on World War 1, suffered during the Great Depression, and had an even greater decisive influence on the outcome of World War 2. The US then engaged in a Cold War with its military and ideological adversary, the USSR, which disintegrated in 1991. Over the 20th century the US was not just a dynamo of technological advancement, but also contributed greatly to world growth. About us Leopold Classic Library has the goal of making available to readers the classic books that have been out of print for decades. While these books may have occasional imperfections, we consider that only hand checking of every page ensures readable content without poor picture quality, blurred or missing text etc. That's why we: • republish only hand checked books; • that are high quality; • enabling readers to see classic books in original formats; that • are unlikely to have missing or blurred pages. You can search "Leopold Classic Library" in categories of your interest to find other books in our extensive collection. Happy reading!
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George Grant MacCurdy was born on April 17, 1863, at Warrensburg, Missouri. He was the son of William Joseph MacCurdy and Margaret (Smith) MacCurdy.
His father, a farmer, had moved to Missouri because his objections to slavery had cost him his property in his home state of Georgia.
Raised in modest circumstances, MacCurdy had to teach school to finance his education at the State Normal School in Warrensburg, from which he graduated in 1887.
By 1889, he had become a superintendent of schools. When, in the same year, he visited Cambridge, Massachusets, as a delegate to a YMCA conference, he decided that he wanted to attend Harvard University. He was admitted to Harvard with advanced standing in 1891 and received his B. A (1893) and M. A. (1894), both in geology and biology.
In 1898, continued his graduate work in anthropology at Yale and received his Ph. D. in 1905.
In 1894, MacCurdy worked in the laboratory of the great zoologist Alexander Agassiz. At about this time, MacCurdy met the orientalist Edward E. Salisbury of Yale University, whose wife was a distant cousin of MacCurdy's. Salisbury recognized MacCurdy's potential and, over the next four years, paid his expenses for study in Europe.
During this period, MacCurdy became familiar with the German scholarly emphasis on research and high standards. In 1896, his interest in paleoanthropology was whetted by attendance at the International Zoological Congress in Leyden, where he studied Eugene Du Bois's exhibition of the bones of Pithecanthropus.
MacCurdy spent most of his professional life at Yale, where he served as instructor in anthropology (1898 - 1900), lecturer (1902 - 1910), assistant professor of prehistoric archaeology (1910 - 1923), and professor (1923 until his retirement in 1931).
During the same period, MacCurdy also served as curator of the anthropological collections at the Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale, thereby assuring that prehistoric archaeology would be represented alongside the natural sciences at Yale. He was called upon to catalogue collections in Old World prehistory for the American Museum of Natural History in New York in 1910-1912, which attested to his reputation as an anthropological curator.
MacCurdy's early work was done in a period when American anthropology was just beginning to develop as a professional discipline. His connections with European scholarship helped to raise the standards of American programs, as did his continued involvement in European prehistoric archaeological research. MacCurdy was greatly concerned with the development of institutional resources for anthropology in the United States.
His articles at the beginning of the twentieth century in Science about the development of academic programs encouraged early academic recognition of the rapid growth of anthropology in America. MacCurdy also encouraged retention of the new discipline's established ties to museums and public interest in anthropological topics, alongside the new university programs.
In 1921, MacCurdy with his wife and Dr. Charles Peabody, founded in Paris the American School in France for Prehistoric Studies; MacCurdy served as its director for the first year and again in 1924-1945. During the 1920's, he organized summer trips for students to visit European museums and archaeological sites. His own fieldwork at Abri des Merveilles, near Sergeac, France, was important in establishing the Mousterian period in the Dordogne area.
After his retirement from active fieldwork in 1930, MacCurdy continued to direct many of the school's expeditions, including one at Mount Carmel, Palestine, in 1929-1934, in collaboration with the British School of Archaeology. This excavation, directed in the field by Dorothy Garrod of the British School, discovered what were then the oldest complete skeletons of Homo sapiens.
MacCurdy was also a prolific contributor to the literature of anthropology. Drawn to Americanist studies in his early years at Yale, he wrote a number of articles on the art and antiquities of the Chiriqui, a region of southwest Panama, and on the skeletal finds of a Peruvian expedition. Increasingly, he wrote about Old World prehistory. Although much of his work has been superseded, his influence on American anthropology remains important.
Throughout his career MacCurdy was affiliated with many professional societies in both America and Europe.
MacCurdy was active to the end of his life, working at his home in Old Lyme, Connecticut. On his way to Florida with his wife, he was struck by a car while stopping to ask directions in Plainfield, New Jersey. He died the same day at Plainfield's Muhlenburg Hospital. After services at Christ Church in Cambridge, Massachussets, he was buried in Concord.
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( About the Book The Americas were settled by people migr...)
(Leopold Classic Library is delighted to publish this clas...)
(This book was digitized and reprinted from the collection...)
Quotations: “The beginnings of things human, so far as we have been able to discover them, have their fullest exemplification in Europe”.
MacCurdy was modest, gentle man. His will left a bequest founding a department of Old World prehistory at the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard, then the major American anthropological museum; in 1954 the entire assets of the American School were transferred to the museum, according to MacCurdy's wish.
On June 30, 1919, MacCurdy married Janet Glenn Bartlett, who shared her husband's enthusiasm for prehistoric archaeology and accompanied him on his many field trips abroad. They had no children.
