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George W. Morgan was born on September 20, 1820, in Washington, Pennsylvania, the son of Thomas Morgan and his wife Katherine, daughter of William Duane. He came of Welsh stock, being descended from George Morgan, whose father, Evan, came to America from Wales early in the eighteenth century.
Morgan was educated in local schools, and then in 1836, in his sixteenth year he left Washington College to enlist in a company raised by his brother, Thomas Jefferson Morgan, for service in the war for Texan independence. President Houston appointed him a lieutenant and he soon became a captain.
Returning to his home in 1839, he entered the United States Military Academy in 1841 but resigned during his second year. He worked at various tasks, in different places, studying law as opportunity offered. Removing to Mount Vernon, Ohio, in 1843, he studied in the office of his future partner, J. K. Miller.
Shortly after his admission to the bar, he became prosecuting attorney for Knox County, but resigned to raise a company for the war with Mexico, in 1846. He was shortly elected colonel of the 2nd Ohio Volunteers, though only twenty-six years old. He acquitted himself creditably under Taylor until March 3, 1847, when he was commissioned colonel of the 15th United States Infantry, and assigned to Pierce's brigade of Scott's army. He was wounded at both Contreras and Churubusco, and in 1848 was brevetted brigadier-general "for gallant and meritorious conduct. "
From 1848 until 1855 he combined law and farming at Mount Vernon. President Pierce appointed him consul at Marseilles in 1856. Two years later he became minister to Lisbon, which post he resigned at the outbreak of the Civil War. He was appointed brigadier-general of volunteers in November 1861 and given command of the 7th Division of Buell's Army of the Ohio. With this division he drove the Confederates from Cumberland Gap.
In 1863 he was transferred to Sherman's army and commanded a division in the Vicksburg campaign, and the XIII Corps at the capture of Fort Hindman, Ark. There was some disagreement between Morgan and Sherman, and within a few months illness and dissatisfaction with the policy of using negro troops caused Morgan's resignation, June 8, 1863.
In the National Democratic Convention of the following year he defended General McClellan against the charge of "defeatism. " In 1865 Morgan was defeated for governor of Ohio by Gen. J. D. Cox, Republican.
He was elected to Congress in 1866 and served from March 1867 to June 1868, when he was unseated in favor of his Republican fellow townsman, Columbus Delano. He was elected to the Forty-first and Forty-second congresses, however, and served 1869 - 1873. He was a member of the committees on military affairs, on foreign affairs, and on reconstruction. In and out of Congress he vigorously opposed the harsh measures of reconstruction favored by the Radical Republicans. Blaine, who defeated him for the speakership, has testified to Morgan's ability. After leaving Congress Morgan resumed his law practice at Mount Vernon, Ohio. He was delegate-at-large to the National Democratic Convention of 1876. His death occurred on July 26, 1893, at Fortress Monroe, Virginia, and he was buried at Mount Vernon, Ohio.
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While strongly in favor of maintaining the Union at any cost, George Morgan was equally opposed to any governmental interference with the state institution of the South, slavery, and believed that the Federal government had no legal right to abolish the practice. Morgan campaigned in Ohio for former army general George B. McClellan in the 1864 Presidential Election. In 1865 he was the unsuccessful Democratic candidate for Governor of Ohio.
In 1869, he was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-first and Forty-second Congresses, serving until 1873. He was an outspoken critic of the administration's harsh policies on Reconstruction and constantly battled with the Radical Republicans.
George W. Morgan was a member of the U. S. House of Representatives from Ohio's 13th district from March 4, 1867 to June 3, 1868.
On October 7, 1851, George W. Morgan had married Sarah H. Hall of Zanesville, Ohio, by whom he had two daughters.
