Lake Bohio, The Summit Level Of The Panama Canal...
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Lake Bohio, The Summit Level Of The Panama Canal
George Shattuck Morison
s.n., 1903
History; Latin America; Central America; History / Latin America / Central America; Panama Canal (Panama)
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The New Epoch as Developed by the Manufacture of Power
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The Isthmian Canal: a lecture before the Contemporary Club, Bridgeport, Conn., May 20, 1902
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(This is a pre-1923 historical reproduction that was curat...)
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The Kansas City Bridge: With an Account of the Regimen of the Missouri River, and a Description of Methods Used for Founding in That River
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George Shattuck Morison was an American lawyer and the leading bridge designer of his time.
Background
George S. Morison was born on December 19, 1842, in New Bedford, Massachusetts, the son of the Rev. John Hopkins Morison and Emily Rogers, and a descendant of John Morison and his son Thomas who settled in Londonderry, New Hampshire, in 1719.
Education
He was educated at Phillips Exeter Academy and at Harvard, where he received the degrees of Bachelor of Arts degree in 1863 and Bachelor of Laws degree in 1866.
Career
Then Morison was admitted to the New York bar, and became associated with the great law firm of Evarts, Southmayd & Choate. After a year of practice, however, he abandoned the legal career in which he was so well launched to enter the profession of civil engineering, for which he had no special training nor any advantageous connections to assist him. To offset these handicaps he brought to his new profession a mature and disciplined mind, exceptional mathematical talents and training, and a large degree of native constructive genius.
His first work was on the construction of a large bridge over the Missouri River at Kansas City, under the direction of Octave Chanute, a noted engineer. In 1873, when Chanute became chief engineer of the Erie Railroad, Morison was chosen his principal assistant. In this position he soon acquired a wide experience in railway bridge construction, since the Erie was then replacing many of its old wooden bridges with metal structures.
Leaving the Erie in 1875, he became consulting expert on railway properties to the American agents of Baring Brothers, London. He also organized the firm of Morison, Field & Company, New York, bridge contractors, but in 1880 withdrew from the contracting firm and devoted his attention for the next fourteen years to consulting practice.
He built in rapid succession more than a score of great railroad bridges: over the Missouri (at Bismarck, Sioux City, Blair, Omaha, Rulo, Nebraska City, Atchison, Leavenworth, and Bellefontaine Bluffs), over the Mississippi (at Winona, Burlington, Alton, St. Louis, and Memphis), one over the Ohio at Cairo, two over the Snake River and one over the Columbia River in Washington, one over the Willamette at Portland, Oregon, one over the St. John's at Jacksonville, Florida, and many smaller bridges in all parts of the United States. Considering the magnitude and difficulty of most of the projects, this record stands unrivaled in the history of bridge construction. The Missouri River was regarded as the most treacherous stream in the country to bridge, and little precedent existed for such work. The perfection of methods for handling the pneumatic foundation work involved in these projects was one of Morison's most notable achievements. This period also marked the transition from wrought iron to steel in bridge construction, and Morison was the great pioneer in the use of the latter metal. The Memphis bridge, the longest truss span in America when completed, practically set the standard for later steel bridge specifications.
During the last decade of his life Morison acted on commissions reporting on the Manhattan Bridge over the East River and the proposed bridge over the Hudson in New York City, as well as on a proposed bridge over the Detroit River - the last two colossal projects not realized until some forty years later. Though primarily a bridge engineer, he was also an expert on railway management and remained a valued consultant to Baring Brothers and other financial houses throughout his career.
He was a member of the Isthmian Canal Commission, 1899-1901, and his powerful advocacy of the Panama route, backed as it was by an exhaustive study of the situation, proved an important factor in bringing about the final decision. At the time of his death he stood at the very pinnacle of the engineering profession. George S. Morison died on July 1, 1903, in his rooms at 36 West 50th Street in New York, and was buried in Peterborough, New Hampshire.
George S. Morison served as President of the American Society of Civil Engineers (1895) as well as a member of the british Institute of Civil Engineers winning that institution's Telford Medal in 1892 for his work on the Memphis bridge. In 1899, he was appointed to the Isthmian Canal Commission and recommended the location of the Panama Canal.
Interests
George Morison was able to indulge to the full his love of travel.