The Relation of Legal Education to Governmental Problems: An Address Before the Harvard Law School Association
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This book was originally published prior to 1923, and represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. While some publishers have opted to apply OCR (optical character recognition) technology to the process, we believe this leads to sub-optimal results (frequent typographical errors, strange characters and confusing formatting) and does not adequately preserve the historical character of the original artifact. We believe this work is culturally important in its original archival form. While we strive to adequately clean and digitally enhance the original work, there are occasionally instances where imperfections such as blurred or missing pages, poor pictures or errant marks may have been introduced due to either the quality of the original work or the scanning process itself. Despite these occasional imperfections, we have brought it back into print as part of our ongoing global book preservation commitment, providing customers with access to the best possible historical reprints. We appreciate your understanding of these occasional imperfections, and sincerely hope you enjoy seeing the book in a format as close as possible to that intended by the original publisher.
Federal Control Of Stock And Bond Issues By Interstate Carriers (1910)
(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.
What Further Regulations of Interstate Commerce Is Necessary or Desirable: An Address Before the Minnesota State Bar Association at Duluth; July 19, 1911 (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from What Further Regulations of Interstate Comme...)
Excerpt from What Further Regulations of Interstate Commerce Is Necessary or Desirable: An Address Before the Minnesota State Bar Association at Duluth; July 19, 1911
Whether or not such a Federal Industrial Com mission should have power to regulate prices, is of course a matter for serious consideration. The Interstate Commerce law prescribes as a legislative rule that prices for transportation by rail, or wire, or pipe line, shall be reasonable, and that no unjust discrimination shall be made between individuals or localities similarly situated. It leaves it to the Com mission to determine when this legislative standard is departed from and to take proceedings appropriate to compel compliance with it. A similar rule might be declared by Congress with respect to the prices of commodities the subject of interstate commerce.
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Addresses by Hon. George W. Wickersham, Attorney General of the United States: At Syracuse, N. Y., January 19, 1911; Cleveland, Ohio, March 20, 1911; Princeton N. J., May 1, 1911 (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Addresses by Hon. George W. Wickersham, Atto...)
Excerpt from Addresses by Hon. George W. Wickersham, Attorney General of the United States: At Syracuse, N. Y., January 19, 1911; Cleveland, Ohio, March 20, 1911; Princeton N. J., May 1, 1911
And still another is a disposition to distrust the delegation of any power of selection of Officers of the Government and the substitution of popular selection not only of officers themselves, but of the candi dates 'from among whom such Officials must be selected.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of the original. Due to its age, it may contain imperfections such as marks, notations, marginalia and flawed pages. Because we believe this work is culturally important, we have made it available as part of our commitment for protecting, preserving, and promoting the world's literature in affordable, high quality, modern editions that are true to the original work.
Addresses by Hon. George W. Wickersham, Attorney General of the United States: At Syracuse, N. Y., January 19, 1911; Cleveland, Ohio, March 20, 1911; Princeton N. J., May 1, 1911 (Classic Reprint)
(Excerpt from Addresses by Hon. George W. Wickersham, Atto...)
Excerpt from Addresses by Hon. George W. Wickersham, Attorney General of the United States: At Syracuse, N. Y., January 19, 1911; Cleveland, Ohio, March 20, 1911; Princeton N. J., May 1, 1911
And still another is a disposition to distrust the delegation of any power of selection of Officers of the Government and the substitution of popular selection not only of officers themselves, but of the candi dates 'from among whom such Officials must be selected.
About the Publisher
Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com
This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
George Woodward Wickersham was an American lawyer and Attorney General of the United States in the administration of President William H. Taft.
Background
George Woodward Wickersham was born on September 19, 1858 in Pittsburgh, Pa. , the son of Philadelphia parents, Samuel Morris and Elizabeth Cox (Woodward) Wickersham. The only child of his father's second marriage, he had six older half-brothers and half-sisters. He was christened Samuel George Woodward Wickersham but dropped the first name early in his career. His grandfather had been one of the founders of what became the Philadelphia Stock Exchange; his father was a colonel in the Civil War and an inventor in the iron and steel industry. His mother, the daughter of a Philadelphia publisher, died when he was born, and he was raised by his maternal grandparents.
Education
Leaving a musical, artistic, and literary home, he studied civil engineering for two years (1873 - 75) at Lehigh University, then returned to work at various odd jobs in Philadelphia. In 1878 he was private secretary to Matthew S. Quay, the later Senator. Meanwhile he had begun the study of law in the office of Robert H. McGrath, and in 1879 he entered the law school of the University of Pennsylvania.
Career
Graduating and admitted to the bar in 1880, he practised for two years in Philadelphia before going to New York, where, at the beginning of 1883, he joined the firm of Strong and Cadwalader. Four years later he was made a partner. After serving as Attorney-General he rejoined the firm, now called Cadwalader, Wickersham and Taft, remaining a member of it to the end of his life. Specializing in business problems, Wickersham became one of the leading corporation experts of the New York state bar, known especially as counsel for railroads and various city traction interests in New York and elsewhere, among them those of the New York banker August Belmont. On coming to New York, Wickersham began to take an active interest in the local Republican party, and by 1909 he was one of the state's leading non-professional party advisers, a friend of Elihu Root and a member of a law firm which included the newly elected President's brother. Intent upon enforcing the Sherman Anti-Trust Law, President Taft chose Wickersham as his Attorney-General because of the latter's intimate knowledge of corporate practices. Once in office Wickersham put to rest the charge that he was a friend of the corporations and thus could not be expected to act against them in the vigorous way the Roosevelt administration had done. He soon announced that the government stood ready to prosecute any monopoly, or any combination of independent firms whether constituting a monopoly or not, which undertook "to parcel out territories among themselves, limit production, fix prices, and exclude competition. " And within the next four years he initiated far more actions against the nation's leading corporations than the preceding administration had done in seven. Among the more famous suits which he initiated or pressed toward completion were those against the Standard Oil Company, the United States Steel Corporation, and the International Harvester Company, together with those against the meat-packing, sugar, powder, and cash register combines. So vigorously did he use the Sherman Anti-Trust Law that by 1911 many representatives of New York industrial and financial circles were demanding his resignation. While admitting that the Sherman Law could not stop the tendency toward combination, which he considered to be the result of "natural economic laws, " Wickersham never ceased to defend the legislation as a "powerful brake" on the drift toward monopoly. And although he was later critical of the Clayton Act's amendments to the Sherman Law, he foreshadowed the concept of the Federal Trade Commission by proposing the creation of a body similar to the Interstate Commerce Commission to regulate all industries engaged in interstate commerce, with power, if necessary, to set prices on their products. "The people, " he was quoted as saying in 1911, "will not permit - they cannot permit - the uncontrolled centralization of power in private hands. " If such results could not be prevented through the operations of the Sherman Law, or some similar legislation, "then the alternative must be the resort to some sort of governmental control - for instance, such as that which prevails in Germany". In addition to his antitrust activities, Wickersham made other major contributions to the work of the Taft administration. He was one of the two or three closest advisers of the President, remaining Taft's friend throughout his life. He drew up the original draft of the Mann-Elkins Railroad Act (1910), including the provision creating the ill-fated Commerce Court. He helped with the corporation tax provision in the Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act and was one of the administration's chief public defenders against the attacks of the progressive Republicans. Since progressivism was in the ascendancy throughout the country, Wickersham's reputation was thereby rather unjustly diminished. But any realistic estimate would have to count him among the most able of Taft's official family. Although he retired to private practice after Taft's defeat in 1912, Wickersham continued to be intensely interested in public affairs. During the summer of 1915 he was chairman of the judiciary committee of the New York State constitutional convention and acted as floor leader of that body. Ten years later he served on the commission for the reorganization of New York's state government. Soon after the outbreak of the first World War he became an ardent partisan of the Allied cause, and after America's entrance into the struggle President Wilson sent him as a special commissioner of the War Trade Board to Cuba to make a confidential investigation of alleged irregularities in the purchase of supplies for use there. Wickersham was a confirmed internationalist. From the start of the debate over the League of Nations he found himself in agreement with the Taft-Root-Hughes faction of the Republican party rather than with the nationalists. Leaving his lucrative law practice, he journeyed to Paris in 1919 to act as a special correspondent covering the Peace Conference for the New York Tribune. During the 1920 campaign he joined Root, Taft, and Hughes in their appeal to voters to elect Harding as the surest way to get the United States into the League, and thereafter he was sorely disappointed with both Harding and Lodge for their isolationist course. In the remainder of the 1920's he consistently supported disarmament, the World Court, and international conciliation, punctuating his beliefs with a public declaration that the United States should send its former allies "a receipted bill" for all their war debts as payment for their defense of civilization during the first three years of the war. Over the same years he found time to serve as the American member of a League of Nations committee to codify international law, as president of the international arbitral tribunal under the Young Plan, and as president of the American Law Institute. In his inaugural address, March 4, 1929, President Hoover announced his intention to create a National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, and shortly afterward he appointed Wickersham to head the body, subsequently known as the Wickersham Committee. The commission, which included among its members Newton D. Baker, William S. Kenyon, and Roscoe Pound, was charged with investigating "the methods of enforcement of the Eighteenth Amendment" and inquiring into the entire federal system of jurisprudence and the administration of laws. Within the next two years it issued fourteen separate reports totaling almost three and a half million words on practically all aspects of the subjects assigned. It was an impressive performance, constituting the most comprehensive investigation ever made to that time into the subject of national law enforcement. Unfortunately, the major work of the body was largely overlooked in the national uproar that occurred over the confused Report on the Enforcement of Prohibition. Both the preliminary report issued at the request of Congress and the final document were contradictory and inconclusive, arguing for the preservation of the Eighteenth Amendment after supplying evidence that the prohibition laws could not be enforced. The report was immediately attacked by both drys and wets, was lampooned by the press, and was criticized by the President. In the national debate over prohibition culminating in the election of 1932 the other recommendations of the commission were largely forgotten. He died in New York City of a heart attack and was buried at Rockside Cemetery, Englewood, N. J.
(Excerpt from Addresses by Hon. George W. Wickersham, Atto...)
Religion
A Quaker in his youth, he later became active in the Episcopal Church.
Personality
Wickersham was of a short, stocky build, with a nervous gait and manner of speech. Often described as having a "peppery temperament, " he was blunt in expressing his views, sometimes to the point of tactlessness.
He was a widely cultured person, a reader of French, Spanish, and Italian and a student of Dante and the opera, a collector of French engravings, and an expert amateur photographer. During his last years Wickersham was mildly critical of such New Deal measures as the NRA but defended the administration's lower tariff policies and the efforts of Secretary of State Cordell Hull to create international good will. But physical infirmities and his private interests increasingly occupied his time.
Interests
He was fond of horseback riding and a lifelong teetotaler.
Connections
In 1883 he had married Mildred Wendell, by whom he had four children: Cornelius Wendell, Mildred, Gwendolyn, and Constance.