Background
Smith was born on August 13, 1823 in Reading, England.
(Originally published in 1887, this is one of the first cr...)
Originally published in 1887, this is one of the first critical analysis of Jane Austens novels. Content: Jane Austen's position in literary history; born, December 16, 1775, at the Parsonage, Steventon; the Austen family; Steventon and its society the basis of Jane Austen's works; her early days and literary tastes; childish productions; a precocious genius; Pride and Prejudice (1796), Sense and Sensibility (1797), and Northanger Abbey (1798), written at Steventon; rejected by the publishers; delight in her work and in her home life prevents discouragement; she moves with her father to Bath, l8o1; her father dies, 1805; consequent removal to Southampton; considers herself an old maid; views thereon and on dress; removal to Chawton, near Winchester, 1809; Emma,Mansfield Park, and Persuasion written at Chawton; anonymous publication of the novels, 1811-18; Jane Austen and Madame de Stael; the novels appreciated by Sir Walter Scott, and other leading men; also by the Prince Regent; officiousness of the Prince Regent's librarian; illness; removal to Winchester; death, July 18, 1817; her view of life; the tone of her letters; a foe to sentimentality ; a lover of nature ; a mild Conservative; her novels accurately depict the social life of the time; her views on wealth; religion; the clergy; her moral teaching; the novels not didactic, nor propagandist, but very human; country life as depicted in her novels compared with that of to-day; the novels of necessity unromantic; their characters taken from a limited class the gentry; her work narrow in compass, but perfect in detail
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Smith was born on August 13, 1823 in Reading, England.
Smith was educated at Eton and Magdalen College, Oxford, and after an undergraduate career of exceptional brilliancy was elected to a fellowship at University College. He threw his keen intellect and trenchant style into the cause of university reform, the leading champion of which was another fellow of University College, Arthur Penrhyn Stanley.
On the Royal Commission of 1850 to inquire into the reform of the university, of which Stanley was secretary, Smith served as assistant-secretary; and he was secretary to the commissioners appointed by the act of 1854. His position as an authority on educational reform was further recognized by a seat on the Popular Education Commission of 1858. In 1868, when the question of reform at Oxford was again growing acute, he published a brilliant pamphlet, entitled The Reorganization of the University of Oxford. Besides the abolition of tests, effected by the act of 1871, many of the reforms there suggested, such as the revival of the faculties, the reorganization of the professoriate, the abolition of celibacy as a condition of the tenure of fellowships, and the combination of the colleges for lecturing purposes, were incorporated in the act of 1877, or subsequently adopted by the university.
His aspiration that colonists and Americans should be attracted to Oxford has been realized by Mr Rhodes's will. On what is perhaps the vital problem of modern education, the question of ancient versus modern languages, he pronounced that the latter "are indispensable accomplishments, but they do not form a high mental training " - an opinion entitled to peculiar respect as coming from a president of the Modern Language Association. The same conspicuous openness of mind appears in his judgment, delivered after he had held the regis professorship of Modern History at Oxford from 1858 to 1866, that "ancient history, besides the still unequalled excellence of the writers, is the best instrument for cultivating the historical sense. " As a historian, indeed, he left no abiding work; the multiplicity of his interests prevented him from concentrating on any one subject. His chief historical writings are The United Kingdom: a Political History (1899), and The United States: an Outline of Political History (1803).
The outbreak of the American Civil War proved a turning-point in his life. Unlike most men of the ruling classes in England, he warmly championed the cause of the North, and his pamphlets, especially one entitled Does the Bible sanction American Slavery? (1863), played a prominent part in converting English opinion. Visiting America on a lecture tour in 1864, he received an enthusiastic welcome, and was entertained at a public banquet in New York. In 1868 he threw up his career in England and settled in the United States, where he held the professorship of English and Constitutional History at Cornell University till 1871. In that year Smith removed to Toronto, where he edited the Canadian Monthly, and subsequently founded the Week and the Bystander. He did not, however, cease to take an active interest in English politics. Smith had been a strong supporter of Irish Disestablishment, but he refused to follow Gladstone in accepting Home Rule. He expressly stated that "if he ever had a political leader, his leader was John Bright, not Mr Gladstone. " Speaking in 1886, Smith referred to his "standing by the side of John Bright against the dismemberment of the great Anglo-Saxon community of the West, as I now stand against the dismemberment of the great Anglo-Saxon community of the East. " These words form the key to his views of the future of the British Empire. He always maintained that Canada, separated by great barriers, running north and south, into four zones, each having unimpeded communication with the adjoining portions of the United States, was destined by its natural configuration to enter into a commercial union with them, which would result in her breaking away from the British empire, and in the union of the Anglo-Saxons of the American continent into one great nation. These views are most fully stated in his Canada and the Canadian Question (1891).
Though describing himself as "anti-imperialistic to the core, " Smith was yet deeply penetrated with a sense of the greatness of the British race. Of the British empire in India he said that "it is the noblest the world has seen. . . . Never had there been such an attempt to make conquest the servant of civilization. About keeping India there is no question. England has a real duty there. " His fear was that England would become a nation of factory-workers, thinking more of their trade-union than of their country. These forebodings were intensified in his Commonwealth or Empire? (1902)
Among other causes that he powerfully attacked were liquor prohibition, female suffrage and State Socialism. All these are discussed in his Essays on Questions of the Day (1894).
In his later years Smith expressed his views in a weekly journal The Farmer's Sun, and published in 1904 My Memory of Gladstone, while occasional letters to the Spectator showed that he had lost neither his interest in English politics and social questions nor his remarkable gifts of style. He died at his residence, The Grange, Toronto, on the 7th of June 1910.
Goldwin Smith left in manuscript a book of reminiscences, which was edited by Mr Arnold Haultain, his private secretary.
(Leopold is delighted to publish this classic book as part...)
(Originally published in 1887, this is one of the first cr...)
(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
(The founder of Christendom 60 Pages.)
(New)
Member of the American Antiquarian Society (1893)
Regius Professor of Modern History