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Menticulture And Agriculture: Or, What Our Schools Should Do For Agriculture
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Tree Planting, Forestry in Europe, and Other Papers
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The Legal Prevention of Illiteracy; A Paper Reprinted, with Additions, from the Report of the Connecticut Board of Education for 1875
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Schools and Communism, National Schools, and Other Papers
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Birdsey Grant Northrop was an American educator. He is the often-unsung “Father of Arbor Day” in many countries.
Background
Birdsey Grant Northrop was born on July 18, 1817 in Kent, Connecticut, United States. He was the son of Thomas Grant and Aurelia (Curtiss) Northrop, and a descendant of Joseph Northrop who emigrated from England to Boston, Massachussets, in 1637, settling, two years later, at Milford, Connecticut. His grandfather was Amos Northrop.
Education
Since his grandfather had attended Yale College, the boy wrote to the president of Yale, Jeremiah Day, asking him "what school or schools are the best and most celebrated. " "I wish, " he added, "to attend a good school in a preparatory course for college". Presumably upon the advice of Dr. Day, but against the wishes of his father, the young man went to school in Ellington, Connecticut, and from there to Yale, from which he was graduated in 1841. He then entered the Yale Theological School and was graduated in 1845. During his college course he was troubled by ill health but, although he gave up study for a time.
Career
In 1846 Northrop was called to the pastorate of the Congregational church at Saxonville, Massachussets, where he remained for ten years.
In 1857 he resigned and was appointed agent of the Massachusetts State Board of Education, a position which he held until 1867, when he was appointed secretary of the Connecticut State Board of Education.
After his resignation in 1883, he began to devote his energies to the establishment of Arbor Day, a project in which he had been actively interested since 1876, and to the improvement and beautifying of towns. To this latter activity is due much of the beauty of such towns as Barre, Great Barrington, and Lenox, Massachussets, Litchfield, New Milford, and Norfolk, Connecticut, and Geneseo, New York.
In 1872 the government of Japan invited him to initiate a system of public education, but his duties kept him at home. Aside from his interest in the establishment of Arbor Day and village improvement societies, Northrop's great desire was to induce the United States government to return the Japanese indemnity exacted because of the Shimonoseki episode in 1863. In a bulletin issued from the "State House, New haven, Connecticut, " dated January 1, 1873, he gave a statement of the situation and sent out a petition for signatures, which was later presented to the Senate by Senator Joseph Hawley of Connecticut. The matter of the indemnity was before Congress at intervals for a number of years, but finally, in 1883, the whole amount paid by Japan was returned to be used for educational purposes. Northrop acted as the guardian of some of the first Japanese students who came to the United States. His advice in educational matters was frequently sought. It was after consultation with him that Daniel Hand gave over a million dollars to help the Southern freedmen. Charles Pratt, who founded Pratt Institute, Brooklyn, New York, also consulted him.
When he was nearly eighty years old he went to Japan and the Hawaiian Islands, giving many lectures, and in 1897 he went through the Southern states, lecturing and visiting numerous negro schools.
Achievements
Northrop helped to inaugurate a free-school system in the state and to establish compulsory school attendance.
He was one of the original trustees of Smith College and was for some years a trustee of Hampton Institute.