Background
ZINOV’YEV, Grigoriy was born in 1883 in Kherson Province.
ZINOV’YEV, Grigoriy was born in 1883 in Kherson Province.
Studied at Bern University.
1901 joined Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party. 1903 at 2nd Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Congress sided with Bolsheviks. 1902 emigrated to Switzerland.
1905 returned to Russia. Member, Saint St. Petersburg Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Committee. From 1907 member, Central Committee, Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party.
1907 attended 5th (London) Russian Social-Democratic Workers’ Party Congress. Spring 1908 again emigrated. 1909 co-ed, periodical “Sotsialdemokrat".
Then worked for “Zvezda,” “Mysli” and “Pravda”. During World War 1 adopted Internationalist stand. 1916, together with Lenin, attended Kienthal Conference.
After 1917 February Revol returned to Russia with Lenin and other Bolsheviks. After 1917 July revolt went underground and hid with Lenin at Razliv Station. During preparations for 1917 October Revol opposed idea of immediate armed coup.
After 1917 October Revol elected chairman, Petrograd Soviet. Advocated formation of coalition government. 16 November 1917 resigned from Party Central Committee in protest against Central Committee resolution barring other political parties from the government.
Within a few days rejoined Party Central Committee. 1919-1926 chairman, Communist International Executive Committee. 1922-1923, together with Stalin and Kamenev, constituted the so-called „troyka” which wielded virtually all power during Lenin’s illness and particularly after Lenin’s death.
1923-1924, with the aid of the Party apparatus, the troyka prepared and carried out the campaign against Trotsky and his supporters. At Central Committee Plenum elected at 14th Party Congress in 1925, he was elected Political Bureau member, Central Committee, All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). 1925, as chairman of Leningrad Soviet, headed so-called “Leningrad Opposition”.
1926 joined forces with Trotsky. June 1926 expelled from Political Bureau and November 1927 from All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). 1928 recanted his “errors” and was readmitted to Party.
From fall 1928 Presidium member, Centr Union of Consumer Social. Then Collegium member, People's Commissariat of Food. October 1932 again expelled from Party and exiled from Moscow as an accomplice of the “Ryutin counterrevol group”.
March 1933 wrote a letter confessing his “errors and anti-Party actions” and was reinstated in the Party. January 1935 sentenced to 10 years’ imprisonment as “one of the leaders of the Moscow Center, underground counterrevol group”. August 1936, in trial of Trotskyite-Zinov’yevite “Terrorist Center” sentenced to death for “organizing the joint Trotskyitc-Zinov’yevite Terrorist Center for the assassination of Soviet government and All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) leaders”.
As long as the public believes in religion, they will not attempt to make any genuine effort to understand and overcome the real source of their suffering.
Communist party could initiate policies in the name of the society because it knows what the best is for its progress and development.
Communist Party member from 1903.