Emperor Daowu of Northern Wei was the founding emperor of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. He was born a posthumous son. Tuoba Gui was commonly regarded as a brilliant general, but cruel and arbitrary in his rule, particularly toward the end of his reign.
Background
Tuoba (拓拔) was an early name for a clan of the Xianbei people in ancient China. In the Old Turkic language, they were referred to as Tabgach. The name Tabgach was originally /taʁ vatʃ/, meaning "princes of the earth". The word /vatʃ/ equivalent to the Sanskrit title.
Career
For the first several years of his reign, Tuoba Gui had to endure constant gravitating of positions by tribal chiefs, and his position was not secure. As he gradually asserted his leadership, however, the tribal chiefs began to coalesce around him. Around the year 399, Tuoba Gui declared himself emperor. He also claimed descent from the mystical Yellow Emperor, to legitimize his reign over the Han. In the last few years of Emperor Daowu's reign, Tuoba Gui became increasingly harsher in his treatment of his officials.