Career
From 1882 he served as a pastor in Helsingfors, Finland. After returning to Germany, he worked as a prison chaplain in Dortmund (from 1895). Beginning in 1908 he held the position of Konsistorialrat in Berlin, and in 1912 became a pastor in the town of Spören, near Bitterfeld.
From 1919 to 1923 he was director of the Frauenschule der Inneren Mission (Women"s School of the Inner Mission) in Berlin.