Background
After graduating from Seoul National University Department of Economics, he trained at the University of Cambridge. Chang's contribution to heterodox economics started while studying under Robert Rowthorn, a leading British Marxist economist,[13] with whom he worked on the elaboration of the theory of industrial policy, which he described as a middle way between central planning and unrestrained free market. His work in this area is part of a broader approach to economics known as institutionalist political economy which places economic history and socio-political factors at the centre of the evolution of economic practices.