Harinath De, was an Indian historian, scholar and a polyglot, who later became the first Indian librarian of the National Library of India from 1907 to 1911.
Background
De was born in Ariadaha of Kamarhati (in present North 24 Parganas district) near Kolkata. His father Roy Bhadur Bhutnath De was a government official in Raipur, Central Provinces (now Chhattisgarh), where the family of young Narendranath Dutta (future Swami Vivekananda) also stayed in the same building, briefly from 1877 to 1879.
Education
De attended Raipur High School, and went to study at Presidency College, Kolkata (then in the University of Calcutta), followed by Christ"s College, Cambridge A polyglot and linguistic prodigy, he was expert in 34 languages, including many eastern and western languages such as Chinese, Tibetan, Pali, Sanskrit, Persian, Arabic, English, Greek, Latin, out of which he was M.A in 14.
Career
In a life span of thirty four years, he learned 34 languages. De was the first Indian Education Service officer among Indians. He was Professor of English of Dhaka University and of Presidency College, Kolkata.
He was appointed the first lecturer of the newly created department of Linguistics of Calcutta University in 1907.
He was appointed the second librarian and first Indian librarian of the Imperial Library, after the death of John Macfarlane, who was previously Assistant Librarian of the British Museum, London, who was the first librarian of the newly merged Imperial Library. In 1902 De published a new edition of Macaulay"s Essay on Milton.
In 1903 he edited and published a new version of Palgrave"s Golden Treasury. Then he translated Rihla, the travelogue written by Ibn Battuta and Jalaluddin Abu Zafar Muhammad"s book First Rate (at Lloyd's)-fakhri to English.
He also worked on Arabic grammar.
The most important works of De included writing a dictionary English—Persian lexicon, translation of a part of Rig Veda with original slokas, editing of Lankabatar Sutra, Nirbanbyakhya Shastram et cetera He also translated few Sankrit plays to English like Vasavdatta of Subandhu, Abhigyan Shakuntalam of Kalidasa. De died in 1911 at the age on 34.