Infectiousness of Milk; Result of Investigations Made for the Trustees of the Massachusetts Society for Promoting Agriculture
(
This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work was reproduced from the original artifact, and remains as true to the original work as possible. Therefore, you will see the original copyright references, library stamps (as most of these works have been housed in our most important libraries around the world), and other notations in the work.
This work is in the public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work.
As a reproduction of a historical artifact, this work may contain missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant.
Animal Experimentation: A Series of Statements Indicating Its Value to Biological and Medical Science BY 1856-1922, Ernst Harold Clarence ( Author ) { Paperback } 2013
Harold Clarence Ernst was an American bacteriologist.
Background
Harold Clarence Ernst was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the son of Andrew Henry Ernst, a successful business man and one of the founders of the Horticultural Society of Ohio, and Sarah H. Otis, an Abolitionist and a pioneer advocate of woman suffrage. One of his brothers was Major-General Oswald H. Ernst. The family had originally come from Germany during the Napoleonic wars, Ernst’s grandfather having left his home on account of his strong opinions on what he regarded as unjust taxation.
Education
After preliminary education in Boston schools, Harold C. Ernst went to Harvard College, where he was graduated in 1876. While in college he became a noted baseball pitcher, one of the first to use a curve ball. He subsequently went to the Harvard Medical School, graduated in 1880, and began the practise of medicine in Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
Career
When Koch’s discovery of the tubercle bacillus was announced in 1882, Ernst went to study in his laboratory, where he learned the rudiments of bacteriology. When he returned to America, he associated himself with the Boston City Hospital and the Massachusetts General Hospital. As early as 1885 he began to lecture on bacteriology in the Harvard Medical School, giving six talks and demonstrations to fourth- year students as a voluntary course. This was probably the first course of lectures in bacteriology given in a medical school in the United States; his laboratory, at first, consisted of a sort of closet in the medical museum. He met with considerable opposition, but by hard work he convinced his opponents of the value of bacteriology to medicine, surgery, and hygiene. Fie developed the early sterilizing apparatus at the Massachusetts General Hospital, established an antitoxin laboratory for diphtheria in connection with the city of Boston, and for many years supplied from his own laboratory all the vaccine and antitoxin used by the city, as well as tuberculin for testing cattle. He took an active part in public affairs, appearing frequently before various committees at the Massachusetts State House in regard to better registration laws for physicians, improved vaccination laws, regulations for the testing of cows and the protection of milk, animal experimentation, and similar public health measures. His commanding presence and obvious knowledge made him an ideal spokesman for the medical profession before the legislators. He served successively as instructor, assistant professor, and professor of bacteriology at the Harvard Medical School, holding the latter appointment from 1895 until his death. He assisted in the planning of the new buildings for the Harvard Medical School, opened in 1900, and wrote a brief history of the School for the dedication exercises. He was one of the founders of the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists, and served it for fifteen years as secretary. He was also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Society of American Naturalists, and many medical associations. He wrote numerous papers and books, especially in relation to his specialty. From its foundation in 1896 he edited the Journal of the Boston Society of Medical Sciences, which in 1901 became the Journal of Medical Research, Ernst continuing as editor until his death. During the World War he served as head of the Northeastern Division Laboratory, with the rank of major. Ernst was a tall, large man, with powerful shoulders, of rather stern military appearance and at times distinctly austere. His knowledge, especially of details, made him often impatient, but with it all there was a kindly attitude toward people and life. On Sept. 20, 1883, he married Ellen Lunt Frothingham, a member of a distinguished Boston family. They had no children.
Achievements
Fie developed the early sterilizing apparatus at the Massachusetts General Hospital, established an antitoxin laboratory for diphtheria in connection with the city of Boston, and for many years supplied from his own laboratory all the vaccine and antitoxin used by the city, as well as tuberculin for testing cattle.
He served successively as instructor, assistant professor, and professor of bacteriology at the Harvard Medical School, holding the latter appointment from 1895 until his death. He assisted in the planning of the new buildings for the Harvard Medical School, opened in 1900, and wrote a brief history of the School for the dedication exercises. He was one of the founders of the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists, and served it for fifteen years as secretary. He was also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Society of American Naturalists, and many medical associations.
(
This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
Membership
He took an active part in public affairs, appearing frequently before various committees at the Massachusetts State House in regard to better registration laws for physicians, improved vaccination laws, regulations for the testing of cows and the protection of milk, animal experimentation, and similar public health measures.
He was one of the founders of the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists, and served it for fifteen years as secretary. He was also a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Society of American Naturalists, and many medical associations.
Personality
His commanding presence and obvious knowledge made him an ideal spokesman for the medical profession before the legislators. Ernst was a tall, large man, with powerful shoulders, of rather stern military appearance and at times distinctly austere. His knowledge, especially of details, made him often impatient, but with it all there was a kindly attitude toward people and life
Interests
public affairs
Connections
On September 20, 1883, he married Ellen Lunt Frothingham, a member of a distinguished Boston family. They had no children.
