Career
In 1885 he traveled through Iran and Iraq, and in 1890, while attached to King Oscar's embassy to the shah of Iran, he visited Khurasan and Turkestan. From 1893 to 1897 he traveled through Asia from Orenburg to Peking via Lop Nor and Tibet. Retruning through Mongolia and Siberia, he crossed the Gobi Desert to Tibet. He traveled around the world in 1923 and from 1927 to 1935 was attached to the Sino-Swedish Expedition.