Report of an Expedition to the Copper, Tanana, and Koyukuk Rivers, in the Territory of Alaska, in the Year 1885, for the Purpose of Obtaining All ... to the Military Branch of the Government....
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Allen: The Biography of an Army Officer, 1859 - 1930
(Winner of the 1971 Allan Nevins prize for sound scholarsh...)
Winner of the 1971 Allan Nevins prize for sound scholarship and literary excellence, this distinguished biography redeems from neglect a gifted and lively figure in post-Civil War American history. Henry Tureman Allen's life spanned a period in which the United States was transformed from a nation still struggling along an Indian frontier into a world power with great international responsibilities. During that period Allen was a part of nearly every major move in which the United States Army was involved. He was actively engaged in the Spanish-American War (and for a week he even served as "mayor" of the Cuban town of El Caney), in putting down the Philippine insurrection, in the 1916 invasion of Mexico, and in World War I.
Many of Allen's assignments, which were more diverse than those of any of his army-officer contemporaries, were in the ill-defined area of civil military relations, where he frequently had to make up his own rules - a practice by no means unsuited to his temperament. His first major assignment was a twenty-five-hundred-mile exploration and mapping of the Copper River in the scarcely explored wilderness that Alaska then was. Later, he spent most of the last decade of the century as a military attaché abroad, first in St. Petersburg and then in Berlin.
Henry Tureman Allen was an American soldier. He took part in three wars and also explored the Copper River in Alaska in 1885.
Background
Henry Tureman Allen was born on April 13, 1859 at Sharpsburg, Kentucky, United States. He was the thirteenth child and ninth son of Ruben Sanford and Susannah (Shumate) Allen. The immigrant ancestor on his father's side went to Virginia in 1636; his mother descended from a Huguenot settler in Virginia whose name, de la Soumatte, was transformed to Shumate.
Education
Allen spent one year in Georgetown College, Kentucky, before entering West Point in 1878, where he graduated in 1882.
Career
In 1882 Allen was commissioned second lieutenant in a cavalry regiment and was promoted in due course until he reached his colonelcy in 1916. He served in the Pacific northwest until placed in charge of an Alaskan exploring expedition in 1885, the first of many unusual assignments which made his career notable. Covering twenty-five hundred miles in the course of a year's work, the expedition examined a large area hitherto unexplored and produced serviceable maps of the Copper, Tanana, and Koyukuk rivers.
Service at western posts and at West Point during the next few years was broken by tours as military attaché in Russia from 1890 to 1895 and in Germany from 1897 to 1898. Recalled from Germany at the outbreak of the war with Spain, he went through the Santiago campaign, being cited for gallantry in action at El Caney. He contracted yellow fever in Cuba and was invalided home.
On his recovery he went again to Germany as military attaché but was soon brought back for assignment to one of the volunteer regiments organized to suppress the insurrection in the Philippines, in which he was appointed major. Upon the termination of hostilities the government resolved upon the formation of a Philippine constabulary, military in organization and training, but an instrument of the civil power. Allen was charged with its creation and remained its chief until 1907 when he returned to duty in the United States.
In 1916 he commanded his regiment during the pursuit of Villa in northern Mexico. He was appointed brigadier-general in the regular army, May 15, 1917, and temporary major-general, August 5, 1917. After organizing and training the 90th Division, he took it abroad, and on August 19, 1918, went into the battle line west of the Moselle. From then until the armistice the division was at the front, taking part in the St. -Mihiel and Meuse-Argonne offensives.
In July 1919 Allen assumed command of the American forces in Germany and entered upon the most difficult of all his tasks, perhaps the most brilliantly executed of them all. He had to maintain discipline in an army quartered inactively on foreign soil; he had to control a defeated population; he had to restrain his vindictive French associates without incurring their permanent enmity. Difficult as the situation was, it was rendered seemingly impossible when the interallied commission attempted to take charge under the terms of the treaty of Versailles while the American commander was bound by his orders to retain control of the zone assigned to him following the armistice. The story is fully told in Allen's two books, My Rhineland Journal (1923) and The Rhineland Occupation (1927), which incidentally reveal the calm, judicious personality of their writer. His troops "did no unnecessary violence to the feelings of the conquered community, " says General James G. Harbord. "No complications of any kind were brought on by him either with the Allies or the civil population. " Allen returned home early in 1923, to the regret of all parties in the zone of occupation. It seems simple truth to say that by no human possibility could the task have been better done than was done by Allen.
His military career was ended. He had been appointed major-general in the regular army in 1920 and now retired from active service, April 23, 1923, but retained an interest in civic and charitable affairs.
His death, from heart disease, occurred at Buena Vista Spring, Pennsylvania.
Achievements
Allen is mostly notable as a senior United States Army officer and man who led the first extensive journey of exploration through central Alaska, during which the Copper River, the Tanana and Koyukuk rivers were explored and mapped.
Allen was a strong advocate of the League of Nations and the Kellogg peace pact.
Connections
On July 12, 1887 Allen married Dora, the daughter of William H. Johnston of Chicago. He had two daughters, Jeannette and Dasha, and one son, Henry Tureman Jr. , an officer in the regular army.