(Excerpt from Explorations of the United States Coast and ...)
Excerpt from Explorations of the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Steamer "Bache" In the Western Atlantic, January-March, 1914, Under the Direction of the United States, Bureau of Fisheries: Oceanography The limitation of the gear on the Bache made it impracticable to work deeper than meters. Only occasionally were water samples or temperatures taken on the sounding wire at greater depths; but down to meters the records are sufficiently full to afford a satisfactory survey of both temperature and salinity. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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(Editors Are Albert E. Parr And Yngve H. Olsen. Introducti...)
Editors Are Albert E. Parr And Yngve H. Olsen. Introduction By John Tee-Van. Memoir Of The Sears Foundation For Marine Research.
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(Hydrographic Office Publication, No. 609.)
Hydrographic Office Publication, No. 609.
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Henry Bigelow was born on October 3, 1879, in Boston, Massachussets, United States, the son of Joseph Smith Bigelow, a banker, and Mary Cleveland. His parents, who encouraged him in intellectual pursuits and outdoor activities, spent summers at Cohasset, on Massachusetts Bay, where Bigelow developed an interest in sailing.
In 1895 Bigelow graduated from Milton Academy, near Boston, and then spent a year at the Boston Natural History Museum, studying under Alpheus Hyatt, learning German, and taking a course in biology at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1897 Bigelow enrolled at Harvard College, where he was a good student, especially in natural history, but he did not consider himself a social success. Bigelow graduated with a B. A. in 1901. In 1902 Bigelow enrolled at Harvard for graduate work. Bigelow received his Ph. D. in 1906.
In the fall of 1901 Bigelow accompanied Alexander Agassiz of the Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology on an oceanographic cruise from Ceylon to the Maldive Islands in the Indian Ocean. He was in charge of large collections of jellyfish, about which he published an article in 1904. In 1902 Bigelow carried out physiological studies of fish under George H. Parker and E. L. Mark. He joined Agassiz for six months in 1904 and 1905 to sail on the Albatross from Panama to the Gal pagos Islands, Easter Island, and the west coast of Mexico. In 1907 Bigelow and his wife accompanied Agassiz on a cruise to the West Indies to investigate coral reefs. The previous year he had been an assistant to Agassiz at the Museum of Comparative Zoology, and he was named curator of coelenterates in 1913, lecturer at the college in 1921, associate professor and curator of oceanography in 1927, and professor in 1931.
After Agassiz's death in 1910, Bigelow was at loose ends until Sir John Murray, on a visit to the Harvard museum, suggested that Bigelow study the oceanography of the Gulf of Maine. Bigelow arranged to use the schooner Grampus, belonging to the United States Fish Commission, and from 1912 to 1928 he conducted many cruises, nearly single-handedly, in the Gulf of Maine. He determined water temperatures and salinities at several hundred stations, captured living organisms in 10, 000 net tows, and set 1, 000 drift bottles to determine surface currents. He summarized this research in three monographs from 1925 to 1927 and in shorter papers thereafter. During these years he continued to publish on coelenterates.
When the International Ice Patrol was established in 1913 following the sinking of the Titanic from a collision with an iceberg, Bigelow became a special consultant to the United States Coast Guard. During World War I he was a navigation officer on an army transport ship and an instructor in navigation. In 1921 Bigelow became a member of the North American Council of Fisheries Investigations and attended many meetings of the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea, although the United States was not a member. He thus became widely acquainted with European leaders in oceanography.
Bigelow's experience in oceanic studies placed him in the forefront when the federal government was becoming interested in oceanography. At the instigation of Frank R. Lillie, of the Marine Biological Laboratory, the National Academy of Sciences established a Committee on Oceanography in 1927. Bigelow was appointed secretary, and in 1928 he prepared a report on the role of the United States in worldwide oceanography. This effective summary led to the establishment of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in Massachusetts, through a large grant from the Rockefeller Foundation. Bigelow became its first director in 1930 and served for ten years. He assembled a staff of scientists interested in ocean studies, he had a laboratory building constructed (later named for him), and he had a research vessel, the Atlantis, built in Denmark. That vessel was used for systematic cruises in the North Atlantic Ocean to acquire basic information on physical oceanography and marine organisms. After his retirement from Woods Hole, Bigelow continued to serve as a trustee.
After 1939 Bigelow served as editor in chief of the series Fishes of the Western North Atlantic, sponsored by the Sears Foundation for Marine Research of Yale University. Working closely with William C. Schroeder, he published extensively on fish, especially sharks and related species, and he wrote many articles for early volumes in the series. He was pursuing this research when he died, in Concord, Massachussets.
Henry Bigelow was a well-known oceanographer of his time. He helped establish the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1930 and was its first director for ten years. He was a world-renowned expert on coelenterates and elasmobranchs. Bigelow also described many new species to science, 110 of which are recognized today according to the World Register of Marine Species. Bigelow was awarded the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal by the National Academy of Sciences in 1948 and the Henry Bryant Bigelow Medal in Oceanography by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1960.
(Excerpt from Explorations of the United States Coast and ...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultura...)
( This work has been selected by scholars as being cultur...)
(This scarce antiquarian book is a facsimile reprint of th...)
(Hydrographic Office Publication, No. 609.)
(Editors Are Albert E. Parr And Yngve H. Olsen. Introducti...)
Bigelow was a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
In August 1906 Bigelow married Elizabeth Perkins Shattuck; they had four children.
