Background
He was born in Peebles on 10 May 1830, the son of William Calderwood, a corn merchant, and his wife Elizabeth Mitchell.
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He was born in Peebles on 10 May 1830, the son of William Calderwood, a corn merchant, and his wife Elizabeth Mitchell.
He was educated at the Edinburgh Institution and then the High School in Edinburgh, and later attended University of Edinburgh. He was made Doctor of Laws of Glasgow in 1865.
He also examined in mental philosophy for the University of Glasgow from 1861 to 1864, and from 1866 conducted the moral philosophy classes at that university, until in 1868 he became Professor of Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh, holding this post until his death 29 years later. At this point the family lived at 197 Street Vincent Street. In 1869 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh his proposer being John Hutton Balfour.
His address was then given as Craigrowan, a large villa in Merchiston on the west side of the city.
His first and most famous work was The Philosophy of the Infinite (1854), in which he attacked the statement of Sir William Hamilton that we can have no knowledge of the Infinite. Calderwood maintained that such knowledge, though imperfect, is real and ever-increasing.
That Faith implies Knowledge. His moral philosophy is in direct antagonism to Hegelian doctrine, and endeavours to substantiate the doctrine of divine sanction.
Beside the data of experience, the mind has pure activity of its own whereby it apprehends the fundamental realities of life and combat.
He wrote in addition A Handbook of Moral Philosophy, On the Relations of Mind and Brain, Science and Religion, The Evolution of Manitoba"s Place in Nature. Among his religious works the best-known is his Parables of Our Lord, and just before his death he finished a of David Hume in the Famous Scots Series. His interests were not confined to religious and intellectual matters.
As the first chairman of the Edinburgh school board, he worked hard to bring the Education Acting into working order.
He published a well-known treatise on education. In the cause of philanthropy and temperance he was indefatigable.
In politics he was at first a Liberal, but became a Liberal Unionist at the time of the Home Rule Bill. He is buried in Morningside Cemetery, Edinburgh, towards the south-west.
Their children included the marine biologist William Leadbetter Calderwood FRSE (1865–1950).
Among Calderwood's religious works the best-known is his Parables of Our Lord, and just before his death he finished a Life of David Hume in the " Famous Scots " series.
(Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We h...)
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