Biography of the signers to the Declaration of Independence Volume 1
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Reports of cases adjudged in the district court of the United States for the eastern district of Pennsylvania
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Catalogue of the ... Valuable, Classical, Miscellaneous, and Law Library of Henry D. Gilpin, Deceased ...: To Be Sold at Public Sale
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A Speech Delivered at the Union and Harmony Celebration, by the Democratic Citizens of the City and County of Philadelphia, of the Twenty-first Anniversary ... the Victory of New Orleans, January 8, 1836
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The Papers of James Madison, Purchased by Order of Congress; Being His Correspondence and Reports of Debates During the Congress of the Confederation ... From the Original Manuscripts, Volume
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Henry Gilpin was an American lawyer and statesman of Quaker extraction who served as Attorney General of the United States under President Martin Van Buren.
Background
was born of English Quaker stock. He was the son of Joshua and Mary (Dilworth) Gilpin. His father, a Philadelphia merchant, married while on a trip to Europe, and Henry was born at his mother’s home in Lancaster, England. His parents soon after took their son to the United States, returned to England, in 1811.
Education
Gilpin attended the school of Dr. Hamilton at Hamel-PIempstead, not far from London. Returning to Philadelphia, he entered the University of Pennsylvania from which he graduated in 1819. That same year, he entered the office of Joseph R. Ingersoll to read the law.
From his “commonplace-book” it is evident that at this period of his life he had acquired a bookishness and facility with the classics which were to be distinguishing characteristics throughout his life. When he completed his law studies he was admitted to the bar in 1822.
Career
Gilpin initiated into business as secretary of the Chesapeake & Delaware Canal Company. He began the practice of law but meanwhile maintained an active literary interest.
In 1825, he became editor of the Atlantic Souvenir, an annual gift book, and three years later he brought out the second edition of John Sanderson’s Biography of the Signers to the Declaration of Independence.
He was also a frequent contributor to the American Quarterly Review and the Democratic Review and was especially apt in the preparation of biographical notices. In the meantime, under the patronage of George M. Dallas, he had made his début in politics by writing a pamphlet, A Memorial of Sundry Citizens of Pennsylvania, relative to the Treatment and Removal of the Indians, in which he defended the policy of the United States government.
When Dallas resigned as attorney for the eastern district of Pennsylvania to go to the United States Senate, Jackson appointed Gilpin as his successor, December 30, 1831. For the next ten years, Gilpin held public office and was interested in western investments, especially in Illinois.
While he was serving as district attorney, Jackson appointed him government director of the Bank of the United States in 1833. In spite of the fact that feeling in Philadelphia was very bitter on this subject, Gilpin remained a loyal Jacksonian and his pen was active in preparing documents for the government directors in defense of their position.
When Congress met he was twice rejected by the Senate for continuance in this directorship; his appointment as governor of the territory of Michigan met a like fate. His service as district attorney, however, was permitted to continue, and in 1837, he published a volume of Reports of Cases Adjudged in the District Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania, 1828-36.
That same year, he was appointed a solicitor of the Treasury and removed to Washington where Van Buren further honored him by calling him to his cabinet as attorney-general in 1840.
While in Washington, he argued the Amistad case against John Quincy Adams and many cases arising under the Florida treaty. He had not abandoned his literary interests; in 1840, he published in three volumes The Papers of James Madison and in the next year the Opinions of the Attorneys-General of the United States. With the coming of Harrison and Tyler, Gilpin retired from politics permanently.
Unfortunately, his body was not equal to the confining life prescribed by his literary tastes and after a tedious period of physical decline he died, leaving his fortune to the patronage of art and history.
Achievements
Gilpin became president of the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts; was vice-president of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania; a director of Girard College; and trustee of the University of Pennsylvania.
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Views
Gilpin maintained an establishment noted for its great library, and devoted himself to the congenial occupation of classical scholarship.
Quotations:
"I know few things more striking in the history of humankind than that kindling enthusiasm which, springing from one individual … sways the conduct of immense bodies of men. "
Connections
Gilpin had married on September 3, 1834, Eliza (Sibley) Johnston, widow of Senator Josiah S. Johnston of Louisiana, and with her he settled down in Philadelphia to a life of luxurious literary ease, broken only by an extensive trip to Europe in the fifties.