Background
Halleck was born on a farm in Westernville, Oneida County, New York, third child of 14 of Joseph Halleck, a lieutenant who served in the War of 1812, and Catherine Wager Halleck.
(This work was published in 1861 by the A uthor, Major Gen...)
This work was published in 1861 by the A uthor, Major General Halleck of the United States A rmy. In 1878 1edited the work, leaving the original text untouched, but revising it to that date, by means of notes, adding also the principal cases which touched on International Law. In doing this I availed myself of the excellent Digest contained in the numbers of the Law Magazine, edited by my friends the late Professor Tawell-L angmead and Mr. C. H. E. Carmichael of the Inner Temple. On that occasion, mindful of the hint conveyed by the late Sir Edward Creasy in his First Platform of International Law (p. 81), I added an index, which was kindly prepared for me by my friend Mr. Jervis Amos of Clement s Inn. In this, the third edition, I have endeavoured to make the work more useful to the reader, by omitting all portions of the text which contained incorrect or obsolete law, and by inserting in the place thereof new matter concerning the existing law, instead of merely correcting the text by means of marginal notes. The reader will find some account of all the cases reported to the beginning of 1892 which are of interest to the international lawyer, and every question of historical or juridical importance to the same date will be found noted in its proper place. (Typographical errors above are due to OCR software and don't occur in the book.) About the Publisher Forgotten Books is a publisher of historical writings, such as: Philosophy, Classics, Science, Religion, History, Folklore and Mythology. Forgotten Books' Classic Reprint Series utilizes the latest technology to regenerate facsimiles of historically important writings. Careful attention has been made to accurately preserve the original format of each page whilst digitally enhancing the aged text. Read books online for free at www.forgottenbooks.org
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B008PLRSIS/?tag=2022091-20
(Vll PARA. A6B 20. Captures in war -74 21. All booty belon...)
Vll PARA. A6B 20. Captures in war -74 21. All booty belongs primarily to the State .... 75 22. Rule of moderation -75 23. Laying waste a country 76 24. The Admiral s Court -77 25. The English Prize Court 78 26. English law respecting booty 78 CHAPTER XXII Enemas Property an the High Seas 1. No relaxation of ancient rules as to maritime captures .80 2. Attempts to modify it ,81 3. Difficulties in its application 82 4. Ownership at time of capture 83 5. Rule as to consignee ..,..,. 84 6. Doctrine in the United States courts 85 7. Contract and shipment made in contemplation of war .86 8. Contract made in peace and shipment in war .. ,Z7 9. If both be made in time of peace 87 I a Shipment at risk of neutral consignee 88 11. If neutral consignor become an enemy during voyage 89 12. Acceptance in transitu by neutral consignee .. .. 90 13. Change of ownership by stoppage Mra xrtf ... 90 14. National character of goods 91 15. Transfer of enemys ships to neutrals 93 16. Rules of such transfer 94 17. General rule as to character of ships and goods. 96 18. Effect of liens 97 19. Documentary proofs of ownership 98 2a Laws of different States 102 21. Decisions of French prize courts 103 22. Vessels of discovery 105 23. Fishing-boats 106 24. Cases of shipwreck 107 25. Distinctions between reprisals and privateering .108 26. Privateers not used in recent wars 112 27. Declaration of the Conference of Paris, 1856 .-117 28. Opinion of other States 119 29. Privateers, by whom commissioned 119 30. Treaty stipulations .. .122 CHAPTER XXIII Trade with the Enemy 1. Property of subjects engaged in trade with the enemy liable to confiscation 124 2. (Typographical errors above are due to OCR software and don't occur in the book.) About the Publisher Forgotten Books is a publisher of historical writings, such as: Philosophy, Classics, Science, Religion, History, Folklore and Mythology. Forgotten Books' Class
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B008RJRY4G/?tag=2022091-20
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
This book was originally published prior to 1923, and represents a reproduction of an important historical work, maintaining the same format as the original work. While some publishers have opted to apply OCR (optical character recognition) technology to the process, we believe this leads to sub-optimal results (frequent typographical errors, strange characters and confusing formatting) and does not adequately preserve the historical character of the original artifact. We believe this work is culturally important in its original archival form. While we strive to adequately clean and digitally enhance the original work, there are occasionally instances where imperfections such as blurred or missing pages, poor pictures or errant marks may have been introduced due to either the quality of the original work or the scanning process itself. Despite these occasional imperfections, we have brought it back into print as part of our ongoing global book preservation commitment, providing customers with access to the best possible historical reprints. We appreciate your understanding of these occasional imperfections, and sincerely hope you enjoy seeing the book in a format as close as possible to that intended by the original publisher.
http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B00A62WDLG/?tag=2022091-20
Halleck was born on a farm in Westernville, Oneida County, New York, third child of 14 of Joseph Halleck, a lieutenant who served in the War of 1812, and Catherine Wager Halleck.
After studying at Union College, he was appointed to the Military Academy at West Point and in 1839 was graduated third in a class of thirty-one.
Already his scholarship was pointing toward the nickname he bore in the army, "Old Brains, " later changed at times to "Old Wooden Head" when the Northern campaigns faltered.
He then lectured at the Lowell Institute in Boston, and in 1846 published Elements of Military Art and Science, which--with revisions resulting from Mexican and Crimean war developments--was a standard reference work at the outbreak of the Civil War.
When the Civil War began, Halleck immediately volunteered, and General Winfield Scott had him appointed a major general.
There can be no question that his administrative skill was mainly instrumental in bringing order out of chaos in the hurried formation of large volunteer armies in 1861, but the strategical and tactical successes of the following spring were due rather to the skill and activity of his subordinate generals Grant, Buell and Pope, than to the plans of the supreme commander, and when he assumed command of the united forces of these three generals before Corinth, the methodical slowness of his advance aroused much criticism.
He later published a volume of military strategy, Elements of Military Strategy, and served in the Army during the Mexican-American War.
President Lincoln recalled him from civilian life to serve as a major general in 1861, and after initial successes, he was named to replace first General John C. Fremont as commander of the Missouri Department and, later, General McClellan as General-in-Chief of the Union Army.
His battlefield methodology and unyielding and arbitrary adherence to the strategies of Frenchman Henri Jomini led to several costly delays and embarrassing battlefield defeats and he was demoted to chief of staff when President Lincoln replaced him as General-in-Chief with Grant.
He has since become one of the Civil War's most vilified Union officers with few defenders.
While traveling by boat to California at the onset of the Mexican-American War, he translated Henri Jomini's Vie Politique et Militaire de Napolean, which he published in 1864.
Halleck's military tenure in California was marked by many successes, including serving as secretary of state of the military government of the territory, as well as serving as lieutenant governor of the Mexican city of Mazatlan.
When the United States Civil War began, the Union Army was lacking the quality of military leaders possessed by the Confederacy.
Halleck famously brought order to the chaos.
Whereas the generals under his auspices commanded several decisive victories, notably General Grant at Forts Henry and Donelson, General Pope at Island No. 10, and General Samuel R. Curtis at Pea Ridge, Halleck notoriously moved his armies too slowly against Corinth, allowing the Confederate forces under General Beauregard to retreat unscathed.
Instead, he ordered Pope, Grant, and General Buell to amass the Union forces in a slow, deliberate advance to Corinth.
Furthering the blunder, Halleck also castigated Grant for leading an unauthorized attack on Shiloh.
Halleck was angered primarily by Grant's sacrificing thirteen thousand Union troops compared to the ten thousand Confederate casualties.
Grant's victory, however, marked a significant triumph for the Union Army.
The Union victories, however, resulted in Halleck taking command of the newly named Department of the Mississippi, which included Missouri, Ohio, and Kansas. Following the debacle of Corinth, assessments of Halleck's subsequent reputation diminished rapidly.
Generally considered to be a micromanager, Halleck proved more ineffectual than McClellan.
Among the many complaints lodged against him was his insistence that troops in the field slow their advances against the enemy by repairing railroads, building roads, and fixing bridges.
He is blamed also for hampering his generals—particularly Grant—with bureaucratic requests, paperwork, and unnecessary military advice.
As General-in-Chief, Halleck is credited with withdrawing McClellan's forces from the Potomac Peninsula, but negatively criticized for his failure to adequately coordinate McClellan's and Pope's forces at the Second Battle of Bull Run.
According to Russell F. Weigley in his A Great Civil War: A Military an d Political History, 1861-1865: "Through the rest of the campaign, however, Halleck never again did anything comparably correct.
He hid from responsibility.
The Union would have been better off without a General-in-Chief. "
Following the Civil War, he was named commander of the Military Division of the James.
At the end of the war Halleck was given the command of the Division of the Pacific (1865 - 1869) and later of the Department of the South (1869 - 1872).
In 1869, he was reassigned to command the Division of the South, and he moved to Louisville, Kentucky, where he died in 1872.
(This book was originally published prior to 1923, and rep...)
(This work was published in 1861 by the A uthor, Major Gen...)
(Vll PARA. A6B 20. Captures in war -74 21. All booty belon...)
Quotations:
'… Troops unpaid; without clothing or arms.
Hospitals overflowing with sick. "
Numerous biographical resources also refer to his disagreeable demeanor, physical unattractiveness, and his consistent efforts to lay blame on his subordinates for his own mistakes.
Halleck's enduring reputation also was impacted negatively by a post he sent to President Lincoln that accused Grant of drunkenness, insubordinate behavior, and being unfit to command, which some historians say offers proof of Halleck's pettiness, competitiveness, and underhanded behavior.
Quotes from others about the person
President Lincoln called him "little more than a first-rate clerk, " and McClellan disparaged him as "the most hopelessly stupid of all men in high position. "
Historian Kendall Gott described Halleck as a department commander:
"Although he had impressive credentials, Henry Halleck was not an easy man to work for.
The nature of his job and his personality often provoked antagonism, hatred, and contempt. Halleck's strengths were organizing, coordinating, planning, and managing.
He could also advise and suggest, and he sometimes ordered subordinates where and when to make a move, but he never was comfortable doing it himself. Halleck seldom worked openly, and as a department commander, he was always at headquarters, separated and aloof from the men. His decisions were the result of neither snap judgments nor friendly discussion, but calculated thinking.
He was also prone to violent hatred and never cultivated close relationships. Overall, he generated no love, confidence, or respect. "
He married a granddaughter of Alexander Hamilton, which also made him the brother-in-law of Major General Schuyler Hamilton.
Their only child, Henry Wager Halleck, Jr. , was born in 1856, and died in 1882.