(Excerpt from Pierre Du Ryer: Dramatist
Zwickau, 1905. In...)
Excerpt from Pierre Du Ryer: Dramatist
Zwickau, 1905. In giving French titles and quotations, I follow the orthography of the original documents except in the case of works as well known as those of Corneille, Racine.
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Le Mémoire de Mahelot, Laurent et d'autres décorateurs de l'Hôtel de Bourgogne et de la Comédie-Française au XVIIe sìecle; pub. par Henry Carrington ... de Mahelot et reproduits en (French Edition)
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The French tragi-comedy, its origin and development from 1552 to 1628
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(A Collection Of His Writings Presented To H. Carrington L...)
A Collection Of His Writings Presented To H. Carrington Lancaster By His Former Students And Other Friends In Anticipation Of His Sixtieth Birthday, November 10, 1942.
Adventures of a literary historian;: A collection of his writings presented to H. Carrington Lancaster by his former students and other friends in ... of his sixtieth birthday, November 10, 1942;
(A collection of H. Carrington Lancaster's writings. He wa...)
A collection of H. Carrington Lancaster's writings. He was a John's Hopkins. This was presented to him by former students and other friends for his 60th bithday.
Henry Carrington Lancaster was an American literary historian. He was an editor of "Modern Language Notes" from 1919 to 1954. Throughout his career, Lancaster combined the discipline of a scholar with the active concern of a citizen.
Background
Henry Carrington Lancaster was born in Richmond, Virginia, the son of financier Robert Alexander Lancaster and his second wife, Williamine Cabell Carrington. The family consisted of thirteen children by Robert Lancaster's first marriage and four by the second. A favorite family game was charades, played with special gusto by the elder Lancaster, whose beard and demeanor caused him to resemble Edward VII. The family also gave skits in which they poked fun at people they knew and dramatized family situations. Carrington Lancaster's interest in the drama undoubtedly had its beginnings in these family diversions. As a child Lancaster liked to adopt small animals, feed them, mend their broken legs or wings, and let them go. This compassion for the small, weak, and helpless remained with him all his life.
Education
Until he was eleven he was tutored by members of the family. He then attended private schools until 1900, when he entered the University of Virginia. Richard Henry Wilson, professor of Romance languages at Virginia, had a great influence on him. While Lancaster was at the university his father died, and he had to borrow money to finish college. In 1903 he received both the bachelor's and master's degrees. In the fall of 1904 he entered the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, where he studied with A. Marshall Elliott. Lancaster completed work on the doctorate in 1907 with the publication of his dissertation, The French Tragi-Comedy: Its Origin and Development from 1552 to 1628. In 1946 he received an honorary degree from the Sorbonne.
Career
After graduation of the University of Virginia Lancaster taught for a year in Montgomery, Alabama. In the fall of 1907 he went to Amherst College as a tutor in French literature, becoming an associate professor in 1908 and a full professor in 1910. He left Amherst in 1919.
When the United States entered World War I, Lancaster, who was ineligible for active duty because of poor eyesight, applied for noncombatant work and became director of a foyer du soldat at Lizy-sur-Ourcq, France. He served from December 1917 to December 1918.
Soon after returning to the United States, he was appointed professor of French literature and chairman of the department of Romance languages at Johns Hopkins University. He was department chairman until 1947, and continued teaching until 1952. He was also visiting professor at New York University (1930 - 1941), at the University of Washington (1941), and at Tulane University (1950).
In 1919 he became associate editor of Modern Language Notes, published by Johns Hopkins, and in 1928 he was named editor in chief, a post he held until his death. In 1929 Lancaster began publishing his nine-volume History of Dramatic French Literature in the Seventeenth Century (completed 1942), which established his preeminent position in the field of French classical drama. In this work Lancaster made an exhaustive analysis of all the extant seventeenth-century plays that were produced on the French stage--more than 1, 200 in all. He discussed the achievements of Corneille, Racine, and Moliére, and of the many contemporaries who perhaps better revealed the taste of the time. He recreated the period in which the plays were given, and described the scenery, the performers, the character of the audience, and even the box-office receipts.
Lancaster was active in a number of professional associations. While at Amherst he took part in the organization of the American Association of University Professors (founded 1915), and later served as vice-president (1942 - 1943). He was president of the Modern Language Association (1939). A tall man with a commanding presence, Lancaster was an able and popular public speaker. A liberal Democrat, he made frequent speeches at public meetings and on the radio in support of issues and candidates he favored.
When France fell to the Germans in the summer of 1940 Lancaster gave a Baltimore radio address (June 15) urging Americans to come to the aid of their "French and British friends. " In another radio address (May 27, 1941), he attacked the Vichy government. He also supported the United States-Soviet alliance, participating in Russian relief rallies and serving as chairman of the Maryland branch of the National Council of American Soviet Friendship. He resigned from the organization on March 14, 1948, when he became disillusioned with policies of the Soviet Union after World War II.
Lancaster was an indefatigable defender of academic freedom. When Owen Lattimore, a Hopkins professor then under attack by Wisconsin Senator Joseph R. McCarthy, was invited to speak to a high-school discussion club on the Far East, some city politicians objected, and the invitation was withdrawn. Lancaster protested, and in a heated city council session convinced the members that they were wrong. Lattimore was reinvited to speak. In 1949 Lancaster challenged the legality of the Maryland loyalty oath law (the so-called Ober law) passed early that year. The judge of the Baltimore Circuit Court, ruling on two suits--one of which was Lancaster's--declared the law unconstitutional (September 13, 1949). But Maryland Attorney General Hall Hammond appealed, and the decision was overturned (Feb. 9, 1950). Lancaster's main reasons for pursuing the suit were that the law infringed on civil rights, bore down especially hard on those public-school teachers who for religious reasons could not sign such an oath, and was worthless in preventing subversives from entering state employ. He died in Baltimore.
Achievements
His accurate studies of French dramatic literature, which Lancaster carried up to the time of Louis XVI, made him the world's leading authority in his field. His major work was "History of Dramatic French Literature in the Seventeenth Century". He also published twenty-seven books and monographs, and numerous journal articles.
Dr. Carrington Lancaster is noted for his unprecedented achievement of being awarded the Légion d'Honneur, given by France to the one person each year who has made the most exceptional contribution to its country (similar to, in the U. S. , the American Medal of Freedom). This was unprecedented because it had never been given to a non-citizen.
Lattimore wrote in a letter to Lancaster's widow: "I grew to respect more and more [Lancaster's] calm, sane outlook on the turmoil of our times, and the dignity and courage of everything he had to say on public matters. "
Interests
Swimming, walking/hiking
Connections
Lancaster was married on June 11, 1913 to Helen Converse Clark, the daughter of the economist John Bates Clark. They had five children.