Essentials Of Vegetable Pharmacognosy ?a Treatise On Structural Botany ? Designed Especially For Pharmaceutical And Medical Students, Pharmacists And Physicians.
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A manual of structural botany; an introductory textbook for students of science and pharmacy
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Enumeration of the Plants Collected in Bolivia by Miguel Bang: With Descriptions of New Genera and Species, Volume 6
(This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. T...)
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Morphology and histology of plants, designed especially as a guide to plant-analysis and classification, and as an introduction to pharmacognosy and vegetable physiology
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This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1899 Excerpt: ...an indumentum in the form of granular or detached scaly masses. When the matter of such masses is more thinly distributed, appearing in the form of a powder rather than a scurf, the surface is called Pulverulent. A Pubescent surface is a hairy surface which is not readily distinguished as pertaining to any one of the other specific classes. If the hairs of a pubescent surface are very short and fine, so that the consequent roughness is reduced to a minimum, the surface is called Puberulent. If a hairy indumentum is fine and of an ashy-gray color, the hairs not arranged in any regular direction, the surface is Cinereous. If the hairs all lie in one direction, are closely appressed and have a shiny or silky lustre, the surface is called Sericeous. If this lustre is intensified and of a stronglv whitish color, whether the trichomes be hairs or scales, the surface is denominated Argenteous. Such hairs as are capable of producing a sericeous surface are themselves denominated sericeous or silky, even though they be in insufficient numbers to impart this character to the general surface. A surface tending toward the sericeous, but not sufficiently pronounced, is called Canescent. When there is a dense covering of more or less elongated and matted hairs, the surface is called Tomentose. When such a covering is thin, its hairs less elongated, it is called Tomentellate. When there is a covering of thinly distributed, elongated, moderately soft hairs, which are not closelv appressed, the surface is Pilose. When hairs are similarly distributed, but are elongated and coarse, the surface is Hirsute. When similar coarse hairs are rather stiff, lie in one direction, somewhat appressed, and particularly when each develops from an elevated base, the surface is Strigose. A s...
The Botanical Names Of The U. S. Pharmacopoeia (1892)
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Descriptions of Three Hundred New Species of South American Plants: With an Index to Previously Published South American Species by the Same Author 1920
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Henry Hurd Rusby was an American pharmacognosist and botanical explorer. He discovered several new species of plants and played a significant role in founding the New York Botanical Garden.
Background
Henry Hurd Rusby was born in Franklin (later renamed Nutley), Essex County, N. J. The second son and second of eight children of John and Abigail (Holmes) Rusby, he was of English descent on his father's side and of northern Irish and Dutch on his mother's. His father, a country storekeeper, was a devout Methodist; an ardent abolitionist before the Civil War, he later joined the Prohibition party. Rusby's mother had a deep love of nature, and from her he early acquired a strong interest in plants. A village schoolteacher, Charles Henry Fuller, who knew some botany, encouraged him in this interest, and the boy, with his abundant energy, spent his spare time collecting specimens of the flora of New Jersey.
Education
From 1872 to 1874 he studied at the Massachusetts State Normal School at Westfield, of which Fuller was a graduate, followed by a year at a Methodist preparatory school (the Centenary Collegiate Institute) at Hackettstown, N. J. In 1882 he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York City but transferred after a year to the University Medical College (New York University), from which he received the M. D. degree in 1884.
Career
Rusby spent several years in country school teaching. He had financed his medical education in part by selling his herbarium to Parke, Davis & Company, drug manufacturers, and after graduating he served as botanist and pharmacognosist in their employ from 1884 to 1888. Meanwhile Rusby had carried out the first of his botanical explorations.
Desiring to collect plant specimens in the American Southwest, he secured a commission as agent for the Smithsonian Institution and in that capacity spent some twenty months in New Mexico and Arizona (1880-81 and summer of 1883). Soon after his graduation from medical school, Parke, Davis & Company, impressed by the recently discovered anesthetic properties of cocaine, sent him to Bolivia to obtain a supply of the coca leaf and certain other drug plants for experimental purposes. He was to learn what he could about remedies used by the natives, looking to the possible discovery of new drugs of value, to make general botanical collections, and to promote the commercial interests of Parke, Davis in the countries he might visit.
After spending most of the year 1885 in La Paz, Bolivia, on this assignment, Rusby decided not to return by the Panama route, by which he had come, but, instead, to strike out across South America to the Atlantic, via the basins of the Beni, Madeira, and Amazon rivers. Accordingly he set out early in 1886 with three or four strangely assorted companions, and after a dangerous and almost incredibly difficult journey, through jungles, over mountains, and on rivers, the party finally reached Para, Brazil.
Rusby's graphic account of this journey can be found in his Jungle Memories (1933). The collections that he made while crossing the continent, which are said to have included specimens of some 45, 000 species of plants, many of them hitherto unknown to botany, contributed many new drugs to pharmacy (among them cocillana) and served as the basis of important botanical researches.
Having returned to civilization, Rusby was in 1889 appointed professor of materia medica (soon broadened to include botany, physiology, and pharmacognosy) at the New York College of Pharmacy, of which he became dean in 1901. In 1904 the college was affiliated with Columbia University, Rusby remaining as dean till 1930, when he retired as such though continuing to teach till 1932. He was also professor of materia medica at the Bellevue Hospital and New York University Medical College from 1897 to 1902.
His work as teacher and administrator was punctuated by later explorations in South America, during which he made further botanical collections--on the lower Orinoco in 1896, in Colombia in 1917, and on an expedition across South America again, in 1921-22. Rusby had long been concerned about the problem of adulteration of drugs, and he therefore welcomed the chance to work with Dr. Harvey W. Wiley in the enforcement of the Pure Food and Drug Act after its passage in 1906. From 1907 to 1916 he served, in a part-time capacity, as expert pharmacognosist for the Bureau of Chemistry of the Department of Agriculture, inspecting drugs arriving at the Port of New York.
In 1911, as part of a factional dispute within the Bureau of Chemistry, charges were made that Wiley had conspired with Rusby to pay the latter more than the law allowed, but a congressional investigation resulted in the exoneration of both Rusby and Wiley. As dean of the New York School of Pharmacy Rusby conducted a long and eventually successful campaign to raise the entrance standards, first for his own and later for other schools of pharmacy, initially to a minimum of one year of high school, later to four years. He served on several occasions on the revision committee of the United States Pharmacopoeia and that of the National Formulary.
His position in the world of pharmacy is attested by his election in 1909 as president of the American Pharmaceutical Association. He was also president (1907 - 12) of the Torrey Botanical Club in New York. Rugged in appearance, Rusby had great physical vigor, though the need to look over central cataracts in each of his eyes had given his large frame a permanent stoop. In his youth, it is said, he once gave thought to becoming a professional boxer. He was a man, in the words of the New York Times, "after Theodore Roosevelt's heart. " He was sixty-six when he made his second trip across the wilds of South America, and at seventy-two he gave chase to a robber in the city streets. This same vitality made him an inspiring teacher. He found no need for relaxation; "I have never engaged in the ordinary recreations, " he once wrote, "but have studied and worked during as many hours of my life as was possible" (Hearings, post).
He died in Sarasota, Fla. , at the age of eighty-five and was buried in Bloomfield, N. J.
Achievements
Rusby contributed to systematic botany. He stood among the most productive and colorful of the scientific adventurers who opened new sources of plant drugs in remote regions of the Americas. By his teaching, research, and writings, he became one of the foremost early exponents in America of the study of medicinal plants on a truly scientific basis (pharmacognosy). His knowledge and time had been given freely to formulate legal standards for crude plant drugs; and pharmaceutical education, indeed American pharmacy at large, felt the influence of his active and courageous mind.
His herbarium of the plants of Essex County subsequently won a medal at the Centennial Exposition in Philadelphia in 1876. In 1923 he was awarded by Remington Medal from the American Pharmaceutical Association and by similar medals from the pharmaceutical societies of Great Britain and Germany.
