Background
He was born in Modesto, California, the son of Clayburn Wayne Evans, a prominent physician and surgeon in Modesto and surgeon for the Pacific Railway, and Bessie McLean, whose father and brother both were medical doctors.
(Additional Contributors Are Alexander John Szarka, Richar...)
Additional Contributors Are Alexander John Szarka, Richard Isidor Pencharz, Robert Edwin Cornish And Frederick Leet Reichert.
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(Excerpt from Contributions to Embryology, No. 47: On the ...)
Excerpt from Contributions to Embryology, No. 47: On the Differential Reaction to Vital Dyes Exhibited by the Two Great Groups of Connective-Tissue Cells Recent studies with entirely new methods, for example, the beautiful cyto logical analyses Of tissue cultures by M. R. And W. H. Lewis, and similar in vivo studies on Amphibia by E. L. And E. R. Clark, all support this simple idea. 'the application of coloring-matters to the living animal - the so-called intravitam staining - has furnished us with a unique method for the recognition not merely of fine structural but also of physiological cell differences. Very striking results have been obtained with them, especially as regards the connective-tissue cells, in the case of animals which have been submitted to treatment with trypan blue and with isamine blue'. These dyes affect in a sharply different manner the two great cell groups Of the connective tissue and enable one to segregate them, with far greater precision than has hitherto been possible, into two definite cell classeé. It is unnecessary for us to maintain, however, that this striking reaction can serve as an utterly reliable criterion of cell species and of cell relationships or transforma tions. 'it is necessary only that we recognize in it a selective histo-pathological reagent of great beauty which separates sharply the strains of connective-tissue cells existing at any one time into two functional types without appreciable inter grades'i' From the standpoint of the physiological significance of cell differentia tion, this fact justifies all the scrutiny we can accord it, but especially as it involves the whole question of the fundamental nature of the reaction between living proto plasm and these dyes. We have attempted, consequently, in the present memoir, to describe with appropriate detail the biological peculiarities of the two connective tissue cell types as far as they may be disclosed by their differential behavior towards such substances as are embraced in the numerous dyestuffs of the acid-azo class. It is a safe prediction that he who has practised the study of living cells will not willingly revert to other methods, except for their admitted value as controls.' It is a curious commentary on the history of histological research that the micro tome has greatly discouraged methods of direct observation of the living or sur viving cell, methods which may now bring to their aid modern improvements in optical equipment and the discovery of specific coloring methods with vital dyes. He who has prosecuted with patience such studies upon the connective tissue has forced upon him the conviction of its unique effectiveness in differentiating cell types where the fixed picture leads to confusion. About the Publisher Forgotten Books publishes hundreds of thousands of rare and classic books. Find more at www.forgottenbooks.com This book is a reproduction of an important historical work. Forgotten Books uses state-of-the-art technology to digitally reconstruct the work, preserving the original format whilst repairing imperfections present in the aged copy. In rare cases, an imperfection in the original, such as a blemish or missing page, may be replicated in our edition. We do, however, repair the vast majority of imperfections successfully; any imperfections that remain are intentionally left to preserve the state of such historical works.
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anatomist endocrinologist physician
He was born in Modesto, California, the son of Clayburn Wayne Evans, a prominent physician and surgeon in Modesto and surgeon for the Pacific Railway, and Bessie McLean, whose father and brother both were medical doctors.
Evans attended the University of California at Berkeley, where he studied with the noted paleontologist John C. Merriam and received a B. S. degree in 1904.
On September 15, 1905, and entered the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in Baltimore.
At Johns Hopkins, where he received his M. D. in 1908, Evans studied with one of the most influential anatomists in the country, Franklin P. Mall.
Evans seemed to have little interest in clinical courses, preferring to work in the laboratory. Contrary to his father's hopes that he would join his practice in Modesto, Evans found research more interesting, and during the summers he traveled to Germany, where he began experiments on intravitam staining of animal tissues by acid azo dyes. One such dye is now called Evans blue.
In 1915, when Evans was only thirty-three years old, President Benjamin Ide Wheeler of the University of California offered him the chair of anatomy at Berkeley. Evans brought with him from Johns Hopkins two talented researchers, Katherine Scott (later Bishop) and George W. Corner.
His scholarship and idealism allowed him to challenge the boundaries of medical research, and he became a leading authority on the pituitary gland. Evans also became an indefatigable researcher on many aspects of reproductive physiology and was a prolific author, often publishing with his colleagues.
In 1922, with Joseph A. Long of the Zoology Department at Berkeley, Evans published the classic monograph The Oestrous Cycle in the Rat and Its Associated Phenomena.
In 1923, Evans identified a dietary factor essential for reproduction by demonstrating that its lack caused a breakdown of the placenta and the reabsorption of fetuses in rats.
This research, first published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (1923), is considered to be the first documentation of the alcohol- and ether-soluble dietary factor that would later come to be called Vitamin E.
This article was republished, in an abbreviated form, in Nutrition Reviews (April 1990) as a Nutrition Classic.
In 1930, the Department of Anatomy and Evans's research laboratories were moved to the new Life Sciences Building on the Berkeley campus. In the same year, the University of California created the Institute of Experimental Biology, appointed Evans director, and named him Herzstein Professor of Biology. At this time Evans began his first collection of significant books in the history of science.
In 1932, Evans was forced to sell his collection of books during his divorce from Anabel. Over the years he collected and sold about twenty thousand books, many of them rare first editions that eventually became part of several university collections in the history of science.
In 1959, a book of essays entitled Men and Moments in the History of Science was published in honor of Evans, who assembled the papers for this publication with assistance from a Ford Foundation grant.
He suffered a severe stroke in 1970 and died the following year in Berkeley, California.
(Additional Contributors Are Alexander John Szarka, Richar...)
(Excerpt from Contributions to Embryology, No. 47: On the ...)
In 1927, Evans was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a foreign member of the Royal Society of London.
He seemed to feel that it was his mission to teach the very best students.
He was a member of the History of Science Dinner Club. In 1927, Evans was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a foreign member of the Royal Society of London.
Quotes from others about the person
In November 1967, Evans was interviewed by Alan S. Parkes of Christ's College, Cambridge, who called Evans "an almost legendary figure on the Berkeley campus. " This interview, along with a curriculum vitae and a list of selected publications from 1907 to 1959, is in Journal of Reproduction and Fertility (1969).
After one year of graduate work at Berkeley, Evans married (against the advice of both sets of parents) his college sweetheart, Anabel Tulloch. After his divorce was final, Evans married Marjorie E. Sadler, a researcher in his laboratory, on June 28, 1932; they had one child.
The Evanses were divorced in 1945, and on June 14 of that year he married Dorothy F. Atkinson, acting director of the English Department at Mills College in Oakland, California, who shared his interest in the history of science and his zeal for book collecting.